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C100 > Week 1 (Trinity) > Flashcards

Week 1 (Trinity) Flashcards

(Trinity)

1
Q

What are the three main states?

A

Solid
Liquid
Gas

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2
Q

What are three classifications of a solid?

A
  • Definite shape
  • Definite volume
  • Stronge interparticle forces holding them in place
  • Vibrate only slightly at their fixed positions
  • cannot be compressed
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3
Q

What are three classifications of a liquid?

A
  • Fixed volume
  • No definite shape
  • cannot be compressed
  • particles still close together but weak interparticle forces
  • free particle movement (they can overlap each other)
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4
Q

What are three classifications of a gas?

A
  • no fixed shape
  • no fixed volume
  • take shape and volume of the container
    particles loosely held together
  • little to no interparticle forces
  • free movement, rapid movement, less dense
  • highly compressible
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5
Q

What is the new state that scientists have just discovered and name 3 classifications of this state?

A

Plasma
- produced when gas gets heated to very high temperatures
- comprised of electrically charged particles
- plasma makes up the interior of stars, auroras and fluorescent light bulbs

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6
Q

What are the two types of properties?

A
  1. physical
  2. chemical
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7
Q

Name 5 physical properties.

A
  • odor
  • taste
  • color
  • appearance
  • hardness
  • density
  • melting point
  • boiling point
  • electrical conductivity
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8
Q

Name 3-5 chemical properties.

A
  • corrosiveness
  • flammability
  • toxicity
  • acidity
  • chemical reactivity
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9
Q

Define elements

A

Elements have specific physical and chemical properties.

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10
Q

Define compounds

A

Atoms of two or more elements united chemically in a fixed proportion held together by chemical bonds.

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10
Q

What do chemical bonds do?

A

Hold a molecules together in a compound and dictate the type of compound form.
Either a molecular compound which is made of covalent bonding, or ionic compounds, which is made of ionic bonding.

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11
Q

Define molecular compounds

A
  • share valence electrons via covalent bonds
  • lower potential energy of the system
  • create more stable molecules compared to the individual atoms
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12
Q

What are anions?

A
  • a negatively charged ion
  • gains electrons
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12
Q

What are cations?

A
  • a positively charged ion
  • loses electrons
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13
Q

Define ionic compounds

A
  • form when non-metals and metal atoms come together
  • metals easily lose electrons becoming cations
  • non-metals readily gain electrons becoming anions
  • form ionic bonds
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14
Q

Number of protons equals what ?

A
  • The number of electrons
  • atomic number
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15
Q

An element is defined by what?

A

The number of protons

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16
Q

Gaining or losing an electrons results in what?

A

an ion forming

17
Q

What is the atomic mass of a proton?

A

1

18
Q

What is the atomic mass of an electron?

A

5.5 x 10^(-4)

19
Q

What does a periodic table summarize?

A
  • atomic numbers
  • atomic weights
  • physical state (liquid, gas, solid)
  • type (metal/non-metal/metalloid)
20
Q

Define periodicity

A

Elements with similar properties are arranged in vertical groups

21
Q

Chemical equations show what?

A
  • how reactants convert into products
21
Q

A period on the periodic table is defined as what?

A

A horizontal row

22
Q

A group on the periodic table is defined as what?

A

A vertical column

22
Q

Chemical formulas show what?

A
  • number and type of atoms in the molecule
  • relative ratio of the atoms in a compound
23
Q

Reported numbers include how many uncertain digit/s?

A

1

24
Q

How many significant figures are in the following numbers/
- 2.12
- 4.500
- 0.002541
- 0.00100
- 500
- 500.
- 5.0 x 10^2

A
  • 3
  • 4
  • 4
  • 3
  • 1, 2, 3, ? (AMBIGUOUS)
  • 3
  • 2
25
Q

Regarding significant figures, what does the full stop at the end of a number represent? (500.)

A

It tells you that all numbers are significant, therefore 500. Has 3 significant figures.

26
Q

What is the atomic number, and what letter is used to represent atomic number?

A

Number of protons
Letter z

27
Q

What is the mass number and what letter is used to represent the mass number?

A

Sum of the number of p+ and n0 in an atom
Letter A

28
Q

How many protons, neutrons and electrons are in the following element:

Magnesium- 25

A

12 protons therefore 12 electrons
Neutrons equals 25-12 which results in 13 neutrons

29
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms of the same element with different mass number (a)

30
Q

Name two characteristics of alkali and alkaline earth metals.

A
  • grey/silvery white coloured
  • highly reactive
  • never found as native metals
  • form alkaline solutions
31
Q

Name two things that refer to group 3A-6A on the periodic table..

A
  • most abundant elements in the earths crust and atmosphere
  • most important elements for living organisms
32
Q

Name 2-3 things that refer to halogens (group 7A;17) of the periodic table…

A
  • very reactive non-metals
  • form salts with metals
  • coloured elements
33
Q

Name two things that refer to noble gases (group 8A;18) of the periodic table…

A
  • very low reactivity
  • colourless odourless gases
34
Q

Define monatomic ions..

A

Main group elements that gain or lose electrons to get to the nearest noble gas.

35
Q

Name the following ions…
NH4^+
OH^-
SO4^2-
HSO4^-
CN^-
NO3^-

A

Ammonium ion
Hydroxide ion
Sulfate ion
Hydrogen sulfate ion
Cyanide ion
Nitrate ion

36
Q

Name the two characteristics that relate to ionic compounds..

A
  • held together by electrostatic forces
  • always electrically neutral
37
Q

What are inorganic compounds ?

A

Compounds that do not contain c or (c and h)

38
Q

What are organic compounds?

A

Compounds that contain c, usually h

39
Q

Write the molecular formula for ethanol …

A

C2h6O

C100 (4 decks)

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