Week 1 (Trinity) Flashcards
(Trinity)
What are the three main states?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
What are three classifications of a solid?
- Definite shape
- Definite volume
- Stronge interparticle forces holding them in place
- Vibrate only slightly at their fixed positions
- cannot be compressed
What are three classifications of a liquid?
- Fixed volume
- No definite shape
- cannot be compressed
- particles still close together but weak interparticle forces
- free particle movement (they can overlap each other)
What are three classifications of a gas?
- no fixed shape
- no fixed volume
- take shape and volume of the container
particles loosely held together - little to no interparticle forces
- free movement, rapid movement, less dense
- highly compressible
What is the new state that scientists have just discovered and name 3 classifications of this state?
Plasma
- produced when gas gets heated to very high temperatures
- comprised of electrically charged particles
- plasma makes up the interior of stars, auroras and fluorescent light bulbs
What are the two types of properties?
- physical
- chemical
Name 5 physical properties.
- odor
- taste
- color
- appearance
- hardness
- density
- melting point
- boiling point
- electrical conductivity
Name 3-5 chemical properties.
- corrosiveness
- flammability
- toxicity
- acidity
- chemical reactivity
Define elements
Elements have specific physical and chemical properties.
Define compounds
Atoms of two or more elements united chemically in a fixed proportion held together by chemical bonds.
What do chemical bonds do?
Hold a molecules together in a compound and dictate the type of compound form.
Either a molecular compound which is made of covalent bonding, or ionic compounds, which is made of ionic bonding.
Define molecular compounds
- share valence electrons via covalent bonds
- lower potential energy of the system
- create more stable molecules compared to the individual atoms
What are anions?
- a negatively charged ion
- gains electrons
What are cations?
- a positively charged ion
- loses electrons
Define ionic compounds
- form when non-metals and metal atoms come together
- metals easily lose electrons becoming cations
- non-metals readily gain electrons becoming anions
- form ionic bonds
Number of protons equals what ?
- The number of electrons
- atomic number
An element is defined by what?
The number of protons
Gaining or losing an electrons results in what?
an ion forming
What is the atomic mass of a proton?
1
What is the atomic mass of an electron?
5.5 x 10^(-4)
What does a periodic table summarize?
- atomic numbers
- atomic weights
- physical state (liquid, gas, solid)
- type (metal/non-metal/metalloid)
Define periodicity
Elements with similar properties are arranged in vertical groups
Chemical equations show what?
- how reactants convert into products
A period on the periodic table is defined as what?
A horizontal row
A group on the periodic table is defined as what?
A vertical column
Chemical formulas show what?
- number and type of atoms in the molecule
- relative ratio of the atoms in a compound
Reported numbers include how many uncertain digit/s?
1
How many significant figures are in the following numbers/
- 2.12
- 4.500
- 0.002541
- 0.00100
- 500
- 500.
- 5.0 x 10^2
- 3
- 4
- 4
- 3
- 1, 2, 3, ? (AMBIGUOUS)
- 3
- 2
Regarding significant figures, what does the full stop at the end of a number represent? (500.)
It tells you that all numbers are significant, therefore 500. Has 3 significant figures.
What is the atomic number, and what letter is used to represent atomic number?
Number of protons
Letter z
What is the mass number and what letter is used to represent the mass number?
Sum of the number of p+ and n0 in an atom
Letter A
How many protons, neutrons and electrons are in the following element:
Magnesium- 25
12 protons therefore 12 electrons
Neutrons equals 25-12 which results in 13 neutrons
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with different mass number (a)
Name two characteristics of alkali and alkaline earth metals.
- grey/silvery white coloured
- highly reactive
- never found as native metals
- form alkaline solutions
Name two things that refer to group 3A-6A on the periodic table..
- most abundant elements in the earths crust and atmosphere
- most important elements for living organisms
Name 2-3 things that refer to halogens (group 7A;17) of the periodic table…
- very reactive non-metals
- form salts with metals
- coloured elements
Name two things that refer to noble gases (group 8A;18) of the periodic table…
- very low reactivity
- colourless odourless gases
Define monatomic ions..
Main group elements that gain or lose electrons to get to the nearest noble gas.
Name the following ions…
NH4^+
OH^-
SO4^2-
HSO4^-
CN^-
NO3^-
Ammonium ion
Hydroxide ion
Sulfate ion
Hydrogen sulfate ion
Cyanide ion
Nitrate ion
Name the two characteristics that relate to ionic compounds..
- held together by electrostatic forces
- always electrically neutral
What are inorganic compounds ?
Compounds that do not contain c or (c and h)
What are organic compounds?
Compounds that contain c, usually h
Write the molecular formula for ethanol …
C2h6O
