week 1- transmission genetics

Question 1

what did mendel’s legacy help with

Answer 1

Darwins theories

Question 2

what is the blending hypothesis

Answer 2

the idea that genetic material from the two parents blends together

Question 3

what is the particulate hypothesis

Answer 3

the idea that parents pass on discrete heritable units

Question 4

how did Mendel discover the basic principles of hereditary

Answer 4

by breeding garden peas in experinments

Question 5

what is a character

Answer 5

a heritable feature that varies among individuals

Question 6

what is a trait

Answer 6

each variant for a character

Question 7

how many unit factors are most human traits controlled by

Answer 7

more than one

Question 8

how did Mendel begin his experiments

Answer 8

• bred pure breeds
• ## studied one trait at a time

Question 9

what did Mendel matte in a typical experiment

Answer 9

two contrasting, true breeding varieties (hybridisation)

Question 10

what are the original true breeding parents in genetic crossed called

Answer 10

F1 or parental generation

Question 11

what is the parental generation/F1 hybrid offspring called

Answer 11

F1 generation or first fillial generation

Question 12

when are F2 generations produced

Answer 12

when F1 individuals self-pollinate or cross-pollinate with other F1 hybrids

Question 13

what. does further interbreeding form

Answer 13

F3 and so om

Question 14

what are models postulates

Answer 14

• heritable traits are determined by heritable factors / genes. genes come in pairs
• genes come in different versions called alleles.

Question 15

where does each gene reside

Answer 15

at a specific locus on a specific chromosome

Question 16

what is the law of segregation

Answer 16

During gamete production, each egg or sperm cell receives just one of the two gene copies present in the organism, and the copy allocated to each gamete is random

Question 17

what is the law of independent assortment

Answer 17

Genes for different traits are inherited independently of one another

Question 18

what is phenotype

Answer 18

physical expression of a trait

Question 19

what are genes

Answer 19

unit factors

Question 20

what are alleles

Answer 20

alternative forms of a single gene

Question 21

what is genotype

Answer 21

genetic makeup an individual

Question 22

what is homozygous

Answer 22

two same alleles

Question 23

what is heterozygous

Answer 23

two different alleles

Question 24

which alleles are not true-breeding

Answer 24

heterozygotes

Question 25

How did Mendel develop the law of independent assortment

Answer 25

using a dihybrid cross

Question 26

what does the law off independent assortment state

Answer 26

It states that each pair of alleles segregates independently of any other pair of alleles during gamete formation

Question 27

what does crossing two true-breeding parents differing in two characters produce

Answer 27

hihybrids in the f1 generation, heterozygous for both characters

Question 28

how can it be determined whether two characters are transmitted to offspring as a package or individually

Answer 28

using a dihybrid cross, a cross between F1 dihybrids

Question 29

what is epistasis

Answer 29

where the allele of one gene can mask the effects of the alleles of another gene
(Depends upon the allelic combination of two independently assorting genes)

Question 30

what is incomplete dominance

Answer 30

when the phenotype of the dominant allele doesn’t completely mask that of the recessive allele
(Crosses between organisms with two different phenotypes produces offspring with a third phenotype that is a blending of the parental traits.)

Question 31

what is codominance

Answer 31

phenotypes of both alleles are expressed
(Crosses between organisms with two different phenotypes produces offspring with a third phenotype in which both of the parental traits appear together)