Week 1 - Terminology, Metrics, Guidelines, Allostasis Flashcards
What is the definition of Physical Activity?
“Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that require energy expenditure”
Including activity undertake while working, playing, carrying out house hold chores, and hobbies.
What is the definition of Exercise?
is a subcategory of physical activity
- Exercise is planned, structure and repetitive
- Main different is it has an aim : improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness. E.g. improve your power, speed, cardiovascular respiratory
What is the definition of sedentary behaviour?
any waking behaviour, characterised by an energy expenditure of less than 1.5METs while in a sitting or reclining posture
What does MET stand for?
the Metabolic Energy of a Task (MET)
What is a MET?
One MET is the energy you spend sitting at rest — your resting or basal metabolic rate.
What are metrics?
How to measure physical activity and sedentary behaviour
What are the 5 different metrics?
time, context, pattern, volume, intensity
What is intensity?
whether someone is taking sedentary, light PA, moderate PA, vigorous PA.
What are the different intensities of exercise?
sedentary = < 1.5 METS
light PA = 1.5 < 3 METS
Moderate PA = 3-6 METS
Vigorous PA = > 6 METS
How many METS if Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity?
> 3 METS
What is type?
categories of activities
Chores -> Inside Chores -> Sweeping, Dishes
How else can volume be described?
Duration + Frequency
How is pattern described?
Temporal dimension (related to time) Contain multiple time points, or continuous measurement over a period of time
How is context described?
Who you were with?
If the activity was enjoyable?
Where is someone active?
Why does it matter?
difference between exercise and PA
A subcategory of physical activity as it is a planned, structured and repetitive type of activity.
What is sedentary behavior as a MET
< 1.5 METS
what is Light PA as MET
1.5 - 3 METS
What is moderate PA as MET
3-6 METS
What is vigorous physical activity as MET
> 6 METS
What is MVPA
moderate to vigorous physical activity (3+ MET)
what does type refer to
category of activities, as get more specific energy requirements change
how to decide which metric to use
what do you need data for and to compare results combine data sources and metrics
What are the PA guidelines for babies (below 1)
supervised floor based play 30+ mins
What are SB guidelines for babies
no screen time, limited time of restraint (car seats) less than hour at a time
what are the PA guidelines for toddlers 1-5
at least 3 hours a day including energetic play
what are SB guidelines for toddlers
screen-time max 1 hour per 24 hours
What are PA guidelines for children 5-17
at least 60 mins of MVPA daily. 3x days muscle and bone strengthening
What are the SB guidelines for children
less than 2 hours per day tv/electronic
what are the PA guidelines for adults (18-64)
active most, if not every day. 150-300mins of MVPA or 75-150mins of VPA over week. 2x week muscle strengthening
what are SB guidelines of adults
minimise prolonged sitting time and break up periods
What are the PA guidelines for older adults?
some form of PA, no matter age weight etc. active everyday and encourage activities such as gardening. At least 30mins MPA most days.
What are PA guidelines for special population
consult relevant clinical guidelines
physical inactivity vs sedentary behaviour
physical inactivity is being physical but not meeting guidelines. SB is not being physical
what is allostasis
the process of achieving stability, or homeostasis, through physiological or behavioral change
What is allostatic load?
the cumulative negative effects, or price body pays for being forced to adapt to various physiological challenges and adverse environment
what environmental stressors are there
work, home, neighbourhood
what major life stress are there
divorce, marriage, pregnant, death, uni, retirement
what trauma or abuse is there
death, medical, car accident, domestic violence
what are some individual differences
age, gender, experience, gene
what is perceived stress
helpless, vigilance, threat – high or low
what are behavioural responses
fight or flight, way of coping, diet, smoking, drinking, exercise, PA and SB
what are physiological responses
changing functions in body due to load - increase HR
Adaption - allostatic load
disease and failures
epidemiology
the study and analysis of the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations
does the number of people reaching MVPA guidelines increase from 18-24 to 25-34
yes
is there an increase in the amount of people reaching MVPA guidelines from 25-34 to 35-44
no
how many adults meet the MVPA guidelines
less than 50%
are men or women more physically inactive
women
how many adults meet strength guidelines
at best 65%
which socioeconomic group reaches guidelines
highest class (60%)
which geographical location meets guidelines
city (30%)
are indigenous or non-indigenous more meeting guidelines
non-indigenous (48%)
do more children meet the guidelines as they become older?
no not until 18 is there an increase
are more girls or boys reaching sedentary guidelines
girls
are girls or boys more reaching PA guidelines
boys
which geographical location reach guidelines in children
inner and rural
what socioeconomic children reach guidelines
regardless approx 75% meet guidelines and 12-25% meet SB - poor still slightly low
