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Foundations of Physical Activity & Health > Week 1 - Terminology, Metrics, Guidelines, Allostasis > Flashcards

Week 1 - Terminology, Metrics, Guidelines, Allostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of Physical Activity?

A

“Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that require energy expenditure”

Including activity undertake while working, playing, carrying out house hold chores, and hobbies.

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2
Q

What is the definition of Exercise?

A

is a subcategory of physical activity

  • Exercise is planned, structure and repetitive
  • Main different is it has an aim : improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness. E.g. improve your power, speed, cardiovascular respiratory
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3
Q

What is the definition of sedentary behaviour?

A

any waking behaviour, characterised by an energy expenditure of less than 1.5METs while in a sitting or reclining posture

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4
Q

What does MET stand for?

A

the Metabolic Energy of a Task (MET)

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5
Q

What is a MET?

A

One MET is the energy you spend sitting at rest — your resting or basal metabolic rate.

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6
Q

What are metrics?

A

How to measure physical activity and sedentary behaviour

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7
Q

What are the 5 different metrics?

A

time, context, pattern, volume, intensity

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8
Q

What is intensity?

A

whether someone is taking sedentary, light PA, moderate PA, vigorous PA.

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9
Q

What are the different intensities of exercise?

A

sedentary = < 1.5 METS
light PA = 1.5 < 3 METS
Moderate PA = 3-6 METS
Vigorous PA = > 6 METS

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10
Q

How many METS if Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity?

A

> 3 METS

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11
Q

What is type?

A

categories of activities

Chores -> Inside Chores -> Sweeping, Dishes

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12
Q

How else can volume be described?

A

Duration + Frequency

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13
Q

How is pattern described?

A 
Temporal dimension (related to time)
Contain multiple time points, or continuous measurement over a period of time
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14
Q

How is context described?

A

Who you were with?
If the activity was enjoyable?
Where is someone active?
Why does it matter?

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15
Q

difference between exercise and PA

A

A subcategory of physical activity as it is a planned, structured and repetitive type of activity.

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16
Q

What is sedentary behavior as a MET

A

< 1.5 METS

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17
Q

what is Light PA as MET

A

1.5 - 3 METS

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18
Q

What is moderate PA as MET

A

3-6 METS

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19
Q

What is vigorous physical activity as MET

A

> 6 METS

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20
Q

What is MVPA

A

moderate to vigorous physical activity (3+ MET)

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21
Q

what does type refer to

A

category of activities, as get more specific energy requirements change

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22
Q

how to decide which metric to use

A

what do you need data for and to compare results combine data sources and metrics

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23
Q

What are the PA guidelines for babies (below 1)

A

supervised floor based play 30+ mins

24
Q

What are SB guidelines for babies

A

no screen time, limited time of restraint (car seats) less than hour at a time

25
Q

what are the PA guidelines for toddlers 1-5

A

at least 3 hours a day including energetic play

26
Q

what are SB guidelines for toddlers

A

screen-time max 1 hour per 24 hours

27
Q

What are PA guidelines for children 5-17

A

at least 60 mins of MVPA daily. 3x days muscle and bone strengthening

28
Q

What are the SB guidelines for children

A

less than 2 hours per day tv/electronic

29
Q

what are the PA guidelines for adults (18-64)

A

active most, if not every day. 150-300mins of MVPA or 75-150mins of VPA over week. 2x week muscle strengthening

30
Q

what are SB guidelines of adults

A

minimise prolonged sitting time and break up periods

31
Q

What are the PA guidelines for older adults?

A

some form of PA, no matter age weight etc. active everyday and encourage activities such as gardening. At least 30mins MPA most days.

32
Q

What are PA guidelines for special population

A

consult relevant clinical guidelines

33
Q

physical inactivity vs sedentary behaviour

A

physical inactivity is being physical but not meeting guidelines. SB is not being physical

34
Q

what is allostasis

A

the process of achieving stability, or homeostasis, through physiological or behavioral change

35
Q

What is allostatic load?

A

the cumulative negative effects, or price body pays for being forced to adapt to various physiological challenges and adverse environment

36
Q

what environmental stressors are there

A

work, home, neighbourhood

37
Q

what major life stress are there

A

divorce, marriage, pregnant, death, uni, retirement

38
Q

what trauma or abuse is there

A

death, medical, car accident, domestic violence

39
Q

what are some individual differences

A

age, gender, experience, gene

40
Q

what is perceived stress

A

helpless, vigilance, threat – high or low

41
Q

what are behavioural responses

A

fight or flight, way of coping, diet, smoking, drinking, exercise, PA and SB

42
Q

what are physiological responses

A

changing functions in body due to load - increase HR

43
Q

Adaption - allostatic load

A

disease and failures

44
Q

epidemiology

A

the study and analysis of the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations

45
Q

does the number of people reaching MVPA guidelines increase from 18-24 to 25-34

A

yes

46
Q

is there an increase in the amount of people reaching MVPA guidelines from 25-34 to 35-44

A

no

47
Q

how many adults meet the MVPA guidelines

A

less than 50%

48
Q

are men or women more physically inactive

A

women

49
Q

how many adults meet strength guidelines

A

at best 65%

50
Q

which socioeconomic group reaches guidelines

A

highest class (60%)

51
Q

which geographical location meets guidelines

A

city (30%)

52
Q

are indigenous or non-indigenous more meeting guidelines

A

non-indigenous (48%)

53
Q

do more children meet the guidelines as they become older?

A

no not until 18 is there an increase

54
Q

are more girls or boys reaching sedentary guidelines

A

girls

55
Q

are girls or boys more reaching PA guidelines

A

boys

56
Q

which geographical location reach guidelines in children

A

inner and rural

57
Q

what socioeconomic children reach guidelines

A

regardless approx 75% meet guidelines and 12-25% meet SB - poor still slightly low

Foundations of Physical Activity & Health (1 decks)

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