Week 1 - Synaptic Transmission Flashcards
Neurons communicate with other neurons at the _____, or _____ at synapses
Muscles, Glands
There are two types of synaptic transmission:
Electrical and Chemical
Most neurons send a signal to the cell across the synapse by releasing chemical neurotransmitters into the __________
Synaptic cleft
Different neurons release different __________
Neurotransmitters
When a neuron releases more than one type of neurotransmitter, this is called ________
Co-transmission
G Protein-coupled post-synaptic receptors occur when biochemical signals indirectly cause the opening of _________
Ion channels
Ligand-gated Ion channels allow neurotransmitter binding to directly open the ________
Ion channels
G Proteins are those that bind the GDP and GTP and act as molecular ________ in cells
Switches
Hyperpolarisation of the post-synaptic neuron produces an _______
IPSP - Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential
More than _________ neurotransmitters have been identified
One hundred
Aspartate, GABA, glutamate and glycine are all _______ acids
Amino
Dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, and histamine are ________ amines
Biogenic
The effect on a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic neuron is determined by the postsynaptic ________ properties rather than by the transmitter itself
Receptor’s
While neurotransmitters are classified biochemically, they are also classified by the _________effect they have on the postsynaptic neuron
Typical
ACh, catecholamines, glutamate, histamine, serotonin, and some neuropeptides have an _________ effect
Excitatory
GABA, glycine, and some neuropeptides typically have an __________ effect
Inhibitory
__________ is the most prevalent neurotransmitter, and has excitatory effects
Glutamate
_________ (the neurotransmitter) is implicated in stroke, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative diseases
Glutamate
________ is the second most prevalent neurotransmitter, and has inhibitory effects
GABA
_________ (the neurotransmitter) is implicated in seizures, increases in emotional reactivity, heart rate, insulin secretion and more
GABA
Which neurotoxin suppresses the release of ACh at the neuromuscular junction and causes flaccid paralysis
Botulinum Toxin (Botox)
What are the primary sites for dopamine
Adrenal glands
Deficits of ________ in the brain are associated with Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, ADHD, and addiction
Dopamine
Which neurotransmitter is the Sympathetic Nervous Systems go-to
Norepinephrine
What neurotransmitter strongly activates when danger is present?
Norepinephrine
What neurosteroid, is produced primarily in the ovaries and testes and contributes to the protection of the brain from neurodegenerative diseases, affective disorders and cognitive decline
Estradiol
Electrical __________ operate by passing current directly from one neuron to another via specialised channels in gap junctions that connect the cytoplasm of one cell directly to another
Synapses
