Week 1 - Synaptic Transmission

Question 1

Neurons communicate with other neurons at the _____, or _____ at synapses

Answer 1

Muscles, Glands

Question 2

There are two types of synaptic transmission:

Answer 2

Electrical and Chemical

Question 3

Most neurons send a signal to the cell across the synapse by releasing chemical neurotransmitters into the __________

Answer 3

Synaptic cleft

Question 4

Different neurons release different __________

Answer 4

Neurotransmitters

Question 5

When a neuron releases more than one type of neurotransmitter, this is called ________

Answer 5

Co-transmission

Question 6

G Protein-coupled post-synaptic receptors occur when biochemical signals indirectly cause the opening of _________

Answer 6

Ion channels

Question 7

Ligand-gated Ion channels allow neurotransmitter binding to directly open the ________

Answer 7

Ion channels

Question 8

G Proteins are those that bind the GDP and GTP and act as molecular ________ in cells

Answer 8

Switches

Question 9

Hyperpolarisation of the post-synaptic neuron produces an _______

Answer 9

IPSP - Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential

Question 10

More than _________ neurotransmitters have been identified

Answer 10

One hundred

Question 11

Aspartate, GABA, glutamate and glycine are all _______ acids

Answer 11

Amino

Question 12

Dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, and histamine are ________ amines

Answer 12

Biogenic

Question 13

The effect on a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic neuron is determined by the postsynaptic ________ properties rather than by the transmitter itself

Answer 13

Receptor’s

Question 14

While neurotransmitters are classified biochemically, they are also classified by the _________effect they have on the postsynaptic neuron

Answer 14

Typical

Question 15

ACh, catecholamines, glutamate, histamine, serotonin, and some neuropeptides have an _________ effect

Answer 15

Excitatory

Question 16

GABA, glycine, and some neuropeptides typically have an __________ effect

Answer 16

Inhibitory

Question 17

__________ is the most prevalent neurotransmitter, and has excitatory effects

Answer 17

Glutamate

Question 18

_________ (the neurotransmitter) is implicated in stroke, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative diseases

Answer 18

Glutamate

Question 19

________ is the second most prevalent neurotransmitter, and has inhibitory effects

Answer 19

GABA

Question 20

_________ (the neurotransmitter) is implicated in seizures, increases in emotional reactivity, heart rate, insulin secretion and more

Answer 20

GABA

Question 21

Which neurotoxin suppresses the release of ACh at the neuromuscular junction and causes flaccid paralysis

Answer 21

Botulinum Toxin (Botox)

Question 22

What are the primary sites for dopamine

Answer 22

Adrenal glands

Question 23

Deficits of ________ in the brain are associated with Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, ADHD, and addiction

Answer 23

Dopamine

Question 24

Which neurotransmitter is the Sympathetic Nervous Systems go-to

Answer 24

Norepinephrine

Question 25

What neurotransmitter strongly activates when danger is present?

Answer 25

Norepinephrine

Question 26

What neurosteroid, is produced primarily in the ovaries and testes and contributes to the protection of the brain from neurodegenerative diseases, affective disorders and cognitive decline

Answer 26

Estradiol

Question 27

Electrical __________ operate by passing current directly from one neuron to another via specialised channels in gap junctions that connect the cytoplasm of one cell directly to another

Answer 27

Synapses