Week 1 - Supply side policies and some theme 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define supply side policies

A

Supply-side policies are mainly microeconomic policies
aimed at making markets and industries operate more
efficiently and contribute to a faster underlying rate of
growth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are supply side improvements?

A

Supply-side improvements: changes to the economy
that cause an increase in LRAS that is not a result of
government policy, but rather due to market-led
innovations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define incentives

A

Incentives: The motivation required for an economic
agent to behave in a certain way,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define competition

A

Competition is rivalry among sellers where each seller
tries to increase sales, profits and market share by
varying the marketing mix of price, product, distribution
and promotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define labour market

A

Labour market: is a factor market it provides a means by
which employers find the labour they need, whilst
millions of individuals offer their labour services in
different job.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define product market

A

Product market refers to markets in which all kinds
of goods and services are made and traded, for example
the market for airline travel; smart-phones, new cars;
pharmaceutical products and the markets for financial
services such as banking, mortgages and pensions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define deregulation

A

Deregulation: Opening up of markets by reducing
barriers to entry. The aim is to increase supply,
competition and innovation and bring lower prices for
consumers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define privatisation

A

Privatisation: means the transfer of assets from the
public (government) sector to the private sector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define infrastructure

A

Infrastructure: the basic systems and services, such as
transport and power supplies, that a country or uses in
order to work effectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Is a cut in corporation tax a market based or interventionist supply side policy?

A

Market based

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Are subsidies market based or interventionist supply side policy?

A

Interventionist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give two advantages of market based supply side policies

A
  1. No cost to the Government
  2. Market should allocate resources most efficiently
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give two disadvantages of market based supply side policy

A
  1. Sustainability issues. There is a risk of environmental
    exploitation (negative externalities)
  2. Might lead to greater inequalities in income and
    wealth.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give two advantages of interventionist supply side policy

A
  1. Government can allocate resources to where it wants
    (rather like a command economy). Does not rely on
    market forces and, therefore, will avoid market failures.
  2. Government can regulate, so that there are no
    undesirable environmental or inequality issues.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of interventionist supply side policy

A
  1. Risk of Government failure
  2. Can often be expensive. This may cause the
    Government to run a budget deficit and create a large
    national debt.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Draw an AD/AS diagram to show the impact of supply side policies, such as improvement in education and training, in the economy on real GDP, unemployment, and the price level

A

LRAS shifts right…falling price level, increasing real GDP.
The impact on unemployment depends on the initial
equilibrium position of the economy – whilst there is
more employment, the increase in LRAS may actually
widen the negative output gap if AD does not also rise

17
Q

Give 3 ways in which the government can use fiscal policy measures (tax or government spending) to improve the supply side of the economy

A

Fiscal measures on the supply side:
1. Decrease corporation tax rate
2. Increase spending on education and training
programmes
3. Increase spending on infrastructure in order to
encourage FDI
4. Reduce welfare benefits
5. Decrease income tax

18
Q

Give 2 ways in which the government could incentivise businesses to be more innovative and carry out more Research and Development

A

Incentivise innovation:
1. Awarding tax credits to firms that carry out innovative
research.
2. Privatisation and deregulation – essentially forcing
firms to be more dynamically efficient due to an increase
in competition in markets
3. Providing opportunities to apply for Government
grants for R&D
4. Encouraging Joint Ventures between countries

19
Q

Give two education policies the government could implement to improve the supply side of the economy

A
  1. Scrap tuition fees at University
  2. Apprenticeship schemes for school leavers
  3. Retraining schemes for long-term unemployed
20
Q

Give 1 way the government could encourage higher productivity in the UK economy

A
  1. More money to deal with mental illness. High job
    demands with little control over how to manage
    workload can lead to depression and anxiety
21
Q

How will cutting income tax increase the economy’s productive potential i.e. an increase in LRAS

A

A cut in income tax is an incentive to work. Since the
opportunity cost of not-working is now much larger,
more people will now be incentivized to work.

22
Q

How will cutting corporation tax the economy’s productive potential i.e. an increase in LRAS

A

A cut in corporation tax means that firms have more
NET profit at the end of the year. It is hoped that the
firm may, therefore, be more willing and able to invest –
since they have more funds to do so

23
Q

How could more government spending on apprenticeships for school leavers cause an increase in the economy’s productive potential i.e. an increase in LRAS

A

Apprenticeships allow young people to learn a skill whilst
on the job. Young people often struggle to find work
because they lack skills and experience. However,
apprenticeship programmes solve both problems. In the
long-run, if more school leavers take up an
apprenticeships this should lead to a higher skill level of
the labour force and, ultimately, a decrease in structural
unemployment.

24
Q

What will be the impact of decreasing corporation tax be on the 5 macro objectives - economic growth, inflation, unemployment, current account and budget balance.

A

Growth - up
Inflation - down
Unemployment - down
Current - improve (in long run)
Budget - worsen

25
Q

What will be the impact of increasing spending on transport infrastructure be on the 5 macro objectives - economic growth, inflation, unemployment, current account and budget balance.

A

Growth - up
Inflation - up in short run but down in long run
Unemployment - down
Current - Improve in LR
Budget - worsen

26
Q

Why is economics a social science?

A

Because it studies society and relationships between people

27
Q

What are assumptions in economics?

A

Assumptions are initial conditions that are made before a micro or macroeconomic analysis is built.

28
Q

Why are assumptions used in economics?

A

To simplify

29
Q

Why are assumptions in economics often criticised?

A

For being unrealistic

30
Q

What does ceteris paribus mean?

A

All other factors held constant or equal

31
Q
A