Week 1 - Stroke Flashcards
What is a stroke?
Stroke is a clinical syndrome characterised by rapidly developing clinical symptoms and/or signs of focal neurological deficit lasting more than 24 hours and thought to be of vascular origin
Epidemiology facts of stroke in the UK
- > 100,000 strokes per year
*38000 of these die
*There are 1.2million stroke survivors
*2/3 of patients leave hospital with disability
*1/3 of strokes occur between age 40 and 69
*Life time stroke risk 1:6
*£8.6billion cost to NHS and social care/year
If you are right handed which side of the brain is the dominant side
The left
What are the 2 types of strokes?
ischaemic
Haemorrhaging
What symptoms do you get with TACS
motor or sensory loss
Cortical e.g. dysphasia, neglect etc.
Homonymous hemianopia
MUST have all 3 to qualify
What symptoms do you get with LACS
Pure motor (internal capsule, pons)
Pure sensory (thalamus)
Sensorimotor
Ataxic hemiparesis (pons)
Movement disorders
What symptoms do you get with POCS
Isolated hemianopia;
brain stem signs;
cerebellar ataxia
Hemiparesis
Hemisensory loss
Vertigo, vomiting
Diplopia
Facial weakness /numbness
Dysphagia
Respiratory failure
Coma & Death
What is a TIA?
Transient Ischaemic Attacks - neurological signs that are consistent with a stroke that last for less than 24hrs
What score do you use to determine the risk of stroke during 7 days after TIA is highly predictable
ABCD2 score
Which is more common - ischaemic or haemorrhaging stroke?
Ischaemic - 85%
Haemorrhagic - 15%
What treatment is there to reduce risk of stroke following TIA
Dual antiplatelets - aspirin and clopidogril
PPI
Do statins help
Yes reduce LDL - reduce Plaque and clot formation reduce risk of stroke
Low BP - lower risk of stroke
What procedure do you do if artery stenosis of more than 50% and symptomatic
Carotid endarterectomy
What does a haemorrhage look like in a CT head
Bright white
What does a haemorrhage look like on an MRI
dark
Lighter dark - recent
Darker dark - older
