week 1 -- Respiratory Flashcards
positioning for thoracentesis
sitting upright w arms & shoulders raised
*1L of fluid removed at a time
HCO3 (bicarb) range
21 to 28 mmHg
PACO2 range
35 to 45 mmHg
normal pH range
7.35 to 7.45
PAO2 range
80 to 100mmHg
SaO2 range
95% to 100 %
pulmonary function tests measure
lung function and breathing difficulty
before a pulmonary function test the patient should be told not to…
no inhaler & no tobacco 6 to 8 hrs before
normal findings after a bronchoscopy
blood tinged sputum
dry non productive cough
sore throat
most important assessment after bronchoscopy
gag reflex
equipment to have when provider is performing a thoracentesis
oxygen equipment
pulse ox
sterile dressing
how much oxygen does room air provide
21%
FiO2
fraction of inspired oxygen – estimation of the oxygen content a person inhales
early findings of hypoxemia / hypoxia
TACHY–pnea/cardia
restlessness
hypertension
pale skin
distress signs – nasal flaring, use of acsessory muscles
late findings of hypoxemia / hypoxia
BRADY–pnea/cardia
cyanoisis
confusion
stupor
hypotension
cardiac dysrhythmias
manifestations of hypercarbia (too much CO2)
headache
restlessness
hypertension
positioning for maximum ventilation
Fowlers or Semi-Fowlers
s/s of oxygen toxicity
n/v
headache
hypoventilation
nasal stuffiness
cough
fatigue
sore throat
substernal pain
purpose of the cuff on an endotracheal tube
forms a seal & for proper placement
**patient cannot talk
low pressure alarms are bc of
LEAKS***
disconnection
cuff leak
tube displacement
high pressure alarms are bc of
*BLOCKAGE OF AIRFLOW
coughing
biting
kink in the tube
mucus plug
excess secretions
pulmonary edema
bronchospasm
pneumothorax
fighting the ventilator
bedside essentials w ventilator
resuscitation bag – ambu bag
high peep can cause
pneumothorax from barotrauma
**high peep = high pressure
complications w ventilation
hypotension
high peep
low o2
Vt on ventilator
TIDAL VOLUME = volume of air to be delivered w each breath
*500 to 800 ml
fRR on ventilator
of breaths per minute - respiratory rate
**12-20
Fi02
oxygen concentration
*35 to 100% – higher the percentage, the more severe the patient
peep
positive end expiratory pressure
keeps alveoli open w (+) pressure @ the END of a respiration – pushes 02 & expels CO2
can cause barotrauma & pneumothorax
long term ventilation can cause
GI ulcers – PPI
neuromuscular blocking agents
paralyze muscles but DO NOT sedate or relieve pain
**vecuronium
–NIUM
peep range
5 to 20
PaO2 & PaCO2 range for respiratory failure
PaO2 at 60 mmHg or lower
PaCO2 at 50 mmHg or higher
