Week 1 Reading- Ch. 2 Flashcards
Clinical localization of disease requires knowledge about ____________ and ____________
the affected functional system and its location within the nervous system
Function of the bones of the skull
non-yielding covering for adult brain, protective function against trauma.
Protection of brain by skull bones is offset somewhat by
the inability of the adult brain to expand in response to pressure from certain internal pathologic conditions (hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, tumor), a situation that can produce diffuse neurologic abnormalities due to mass effects and increased intracranial pressure
3 distinct shallow cavities at the base of the skull
anterior, middle, posterior fossae
The fossae help define what 2 major levels of the CNS?
posterior fossa level, supratentorial level (anterior and middle fossae)
The _______ and _______ fossae contain symmetrically oriented _________ through which the paired cranial nerves exit to innervate peripheral structures, including the speech muscles of the head and neck.
posterior and middle; foramina (holes),
The ___________ of the CNS consist of 3 layers: the _____, _______, and _______.
meninges (coverings); dura, arachnoid, and pia mater
Dura mater- define
Outmermost membrane (meningeal layer)
The dura mater consists of 2 layers of fused tissues that separate in certain regions to form the ___________ .
intracranial venous sinuses
Define: intracranial venous sinuses
areas where venous blood drains from the brain
The folds of the dura in the cranial cavity form what 2 layers?
falx cerebri
tentorium cerebelli
Define- falx cerebri
located between the 2 hemispheres
Define: tentorium cerebelli
separates the cerebellum from the cerebral hemispheres
Define: arachnoid mater
lies beneath the dura and is applied loosely to the surface of the brain
Define: pia mater
the thin innermost layer, closely attached to the brain’s surface
The ______ mater and _____ mater are collectively known as the __________.
pia and arachnoid; leptomeninges
Define: epidural space
located between the inner bone of the skull and the dura
Define: subdural space
beneath the dura
Define: subarachnoid space
beneath the arachnoid, surrounds the brain and spinal cord and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid
The subarachnoid space is filled with _________
cerebrospinal fluid
The subarachnoid space is connected to the interior of the brain through the ___________.
ventricular system
Most conditions capable of producing MSD’s that involve the meninges and meningeal spaces stem from what 4 things?
infection, venous vascular disorders, hydrocephalus, trauma with associated hemorrhage and edema
Supratentorial level includes what 6 structures?
hemispheres, lobes, basal ganglia, thalamus, CNI, CN II
Supratentorial level relationship with what parts of skeleton?
Skull- anterior and middle fossa