Week 1 Quiz Flashcards
Select All that Apply
What happens to a population when biological evolution takes place?
* Beneficial genes appear as additional copies in each individual as the fittest individuals produce more offspring.
* The frequency of some genes increases or decreases as they are passed from one generation to the next.
* The population becomes more genetically perfect over time as the best traits are passed to offspring.
* Individuals in the population adapt to the environment by developing new traits during their lifetimes.
- The frequency of some genes increases or decreases as they are passed from one generation to the next.
Which of the following statements are correct?
- Mutations are random, but the effects of natural selection are not.
- Mutations are the ultimate source of variation upon which other evolution mechanisms act.
- Mutations occur in response to stress experienced by the individual.
- Natural selection does not lead to evolution unless the population already contains some existing variation.
- Mutations are always harmful and cause weak individuals to drop out of the gene pool.
- Mutations are random, but the effects of natural selection are not.
- Mutations are the ultimate source of variation upon which other evolution mechanisms act.
- Natural selection does not lead to evolution unless the population already contains some existing variation.
Select All that Apply
Why does natural selection favor the evolution of new virus strains?
* A new virus strain may evade a host’s immune defenses in ways existing viruses cannot.
* Each new virus strain is better suited to infect its host than previous virus strains were able to.
* A new strain of virus may have mutations that inhibit the virus’s ability to reproduce.
* Every new strain of virus evolves by reassorting genes from highly successful virus strains.
- A new virus strain may evade a host’s immune defenses in ways existing viruses cannot.
Select All that Apply
What characteristics of influenza and other viruses make them difficult to fight?
- Some mutations can help a new strain of virus escape detection by the host’s immune system.
- Reassortment can produce viral strains that can jump between species, such as birds and humans.
- New strains of virus produced through reassortment can replicate without entering a host cell.
- Certain mutations can make a viral strain unable to leave its host once it has finished replicating.
- Viral strains produced through reassortment may develop significantly different surface proteins.
- Some mutations can help a new strain of virus escape detection by the host’s immune system.
- Reassortment can produce viral strains that can jump between species, such as birds and humans.
- Viral strains produced through reassortment may develop significantly different surface proteins.
Name the Scholar that Corresponds with the Scientific Contribution
- Discovered that different rock layers contain distinct groups of fossils
- Reasoned rocks undergo cycles of slow and predicatable destruction and formation
- Found that many fossils are the remains of extinct species.
- Believed evolution occurs and is based on the inheritance of aquired characteristics
- Postulated that tratis evolve within populations in response to environmental changes.
- William Smith: Discovered that different rock layers contain distinct groups of fossils
- James Hutton: Reasoned rocks undergo cycles of slow and predicatable destruction and formation
- Geoges Cuvier: Found that many fossils are the remains of extinct species.
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck: Believed evolution occurs and is based on the inheritance of aquired characteristics
- Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace: Postulated that tratis evolve within populations in response to environmental changes.
How does the fossil record provide support for Darwin’s theory of evolution?
* Fossils indicate the periods when species existed and when they went extinct.
* Fossils make clear that species arise from other species and radiate over time.
* Fossils show how simple organisms add acquired traits and become more complex.
* Fossils confirm that all species have been present in some form throughout time.
- Fossils indicate the periods when species existed and when they went extinct.
- Fossils make clear that species arise from other species and radiate over time.
Which observations are examples of homologies?
* The ability to fly using elongated wings developed independently in the lineages that led to birds, pterosaurs, and bats.
* The Pax6 gene in vertebrates and the eyeless gene in flies have similar sequences, and both regulate embryonic eye development.
* The skin flaps for gliding that evolved separately in sugar gliders and flying squirrels help them use similar habitat niches.
* The bones that support the wings of birds, pterosaurs, and bats are arranged in the same order in each animal.
* The pharyngeal arches found in all vertebrate embryos develop into gill supports in fish and throat structures in mammals.
- The Pax6 gene in vertebrates and the eyeless gene in flies have similar sequences, and both regulate embryonic eye development.
- The bones that support the wings of birds, pterosaurs, and bats are arranged in the same order in each animal.
- The pharyngeal arches found in all vertebrate embryos develop into gill supports in fish and throat structures in mammals.
Classify each statement as being part of Darwin’s or Lamarck’s
- Species share traits because they evolved from a common ancestor.
- Traits acquired during a lifetime could be passed to offspring.
- Some inherited traits are passed to offspring more frequently than others.
- Simple organisms always evolve into more complex organisms.
- Darwin: Traits acquired during a lifetime could be passed to offspring.
- Lamarck: Traits acquired during a lifetime could be passed to offspring.
- Darwin: Some inherited traits are passed to offspring more frequently than others.
- Darwin: Simple organisms always evolve into more complex organisms.
Which statement best describes how evolution through natural selection works?
- Only the strongest individuals survive to reproduce, which removes the weakest individuals and improves the population with each successive generation.
- Individuals that make an effort to adapt to their environment produce more offspring, consequently improving the phenotypes of the next generation.
- Those individuals that develop mutations during their lives are more likely to survive and produce viable offspring, thus passing on their mutations to offspring.
- Individuals with successful phenotypes have an increased chance of producing viable offspring, which changes the population’s genetic structure between generations.
- Individuals with successful phenotypes have an increased chance of producing viable offspring, which changes the population’s genetic structure between generations.
