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audio engineering > Week 1 Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

As the vibrating mass moves inward from it’s normal resting state, an area with a lower than normal atmospheric pressure will be created, in a process call what?

A

Rarefaction

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2
Q

Sound arrives at the ear in the form of periodic variations in an atmospheric pressure called____

A

Sound Pressure Waves

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3
Q

Any mechanical or electrical device that changes one form of energy into another corresponding form of energy, is called what?

A

A transducer

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4
Q

What is amplitude?

A

The distance above or below the centerline of a waveform which represents the aplitude level of that signal

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5
Q

Describe frequency

A

The rate in which an acoustic generator, electrical signal or vibrating mass repeats within a cycle of positive and negative amplitude.

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6
Q

What is the HZ range of human hearing?

A

20hz to 20,000hz

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7
Q

Describe wavelength

A

The wavelength of a waveform is the physical distance in a medium between the beginning and the end of a cycle.

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8
Q

What is phase shift?

A

A term that describes one waveform’s lead or lag time with respect to another. Basically a time delay between tow (or more) waveforms.

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9
Q

What is sine wave>

A

Is composed of a single frequency that produces a pure sound at a specific pitch.

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10
Q

Partials that are higher than the fundamental frequency are called___ or ____

A

Partials or overtones

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11
Q

Overtone frequencies that are whole number multiplies of the fundamental frequency are called___

A

Harmonics

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12
Q

What are complex waves?

A

Represents practically all other sounds that are produced in music and nature. They almost never repeat and often are not symmetrical about the zero line.

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13
Q

Envelope is composed of 4 sections which are?

A

ADSR

Attack
Decay
Sustain
Release

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14
Q

What is logarithm?

A

A mathematical function that reduces large numeric values into smaller more manageable numbers

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15
Q

What is logarithmic?

A

Logarithmic values are used to express the differences in intensities between two levels.

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16
Q

The log of the number 2 is…

A

0.3

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17
Q

When a number is an integral power of 10(e.g, 100, 1000, 10,000) the log can be found by

A

Simply adding up the zeros in that number

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18
Q

Numbers that are greater than 1 will…

A

Have a positive log value

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19
Q

Numbers that are less than 1 will…

A

Have a negative log value

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20
Q

The decibel (db) is a logarithmic value that

A

expresses differences in intensities between two levels

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21
Q

Voltage can be thought of as

A

the pressure behind electrons within a wire

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22
Q

1 db change is

A

noticeable to most ears (but not by much)

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23
Q

Turning something up by 3 db will

A

double the signals level but it will only be perceived as being 1 1/4 times as loud

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24
Q

Turning something down 3 db will

A

Halve the signals level

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25
Q

What are beats?

A

Two tones that differ only slightly in frequency and have approximately the same amplitude will produce an effect known as beats

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26
Q

Combination Tones…

A

Results when two loud tones differ by more than 50 hz

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27
Q

Masking is…

A

The phenomenon by which loud signals prevent the ear from hearing softer sounds

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28
Q

3 types of reflections are commonly generated within an enclosed space which are

A
  1. Direct Sound
  2. Early reflections
  3. Reverberation (reverb)
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29
Q

Abffusor

A

An acoustic panel offering both absorptive and reflective properties

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30
Q

Absolute Pitch

A

The ability of a person to accurately determine the exact pitch of a musical note

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31
Q

Absorption

A

In acoustics the conversion of sound energy (pressure) to heat

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32
Q

Absorption Coefficient

A

The fraction of sound energy that is absorbed by any surface.
Measured between 0-1
The count of 0.63 represents 63% of absorption

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33
Q

ACETATE

A

A very thin plastic film, used as a base material in the production of magnetic recording tape

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34
Q

Acoustic Baffle

A

Any partition, designed to be an acoustic obstruction

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35
Q

Acoustic Centre

A

Is an imaginary point from which a sound wave or program material appears to originate

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36
Q

Acoustic Lens

A

A high frequency speaker attachment system

Designed to increase the radiation angle of the high frequency speaker or horn

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37
Q

Acoustic Suspension System

A

A sealed loud speaker cabinet in which the enclosed volume of air acts as an acoustic resistance to the speaker cone

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38
Q

Acoustics

A

The science of sound and the effect it has on a given environment

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39
Q

Active Crossover

A

A crossover which splits frequencies at low levels, before the power amplifier

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40
Q

Active Device

A

A network or circuit capable of supplying a voltage gain

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41
Q

Address

A

A time or location point within program material often selected as a “go to” for machines via time code

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42
Q

Address Bits

A

In SMPTE time code, a bit group assigned to various time, sync, or user defined functions

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43
Q

AES

A

Audio Engineering Society

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44
Q

AES/EBU

A

An interface format for digital signals, using a balanced 110 ohm microphone cable terminated

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45
Q

AFL

A

After Fade Listen A recording studio console feature

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46
Q

AFM

A

Advanced frequency Modulation

An improved version of frequency modulation

47
Q

AIRY

A

Spacious, open

Instruments sound as they are surrounded by a large space

48
Q

Algorithm

A

A sequence of well defined rules and instructions describing a procedure to solve a particular problem

49
Q

ALIASING

A

The creation of incorrect or “alias” frequencies

50
Q

Alignment

A

The adjustment of an electronic or mechanical device to bring up to manufacturers specifications

51
Q

Alignment Tape

A

A tape containing a series of test tones at a standard reference level
Is used to verify the performance of the tape recorder’s playback system

52
Q

Ambience

A

The distinctive acoustical characteristics of a given space

53
Q

Ampere

A

Unit of measurement for current (A)

54
Q

Amplifier

A

A electronic circuit designed to boost an electrical signal with the least amount of distortion

55
Q

Amplifier line

A

An amplifier designed to operate at intermediate levels its output is usually on the order of one volt

56
Q

Amplitude

A

The maximum height of a waveform at any given point

57
Q

Amplitude distortion

A

A distortion of the wave shape of a signal

58
Q

Analog

A

An electrical signal whose frequency and level vary continuously in direct relationship to the original electrical signal

59
Q

Analog Recording

A

The method of recording in which the recorded waveform is an analog of the acoustical electrical source signal

ex: analog multitrack tape recorder

60
Q

A/D Converter

A

A device which converts (encodes) a analog signal (continuous) into a digital word

61
Q

ANECHOIC

A

Without any form of echo

Used to measure acoustic performances of various devices

62
Q

ANECHOIC CHAMBER

A

A room designed to provide a reflection free (acoustically dead) environment for acoustic evaluation of loudspeakers and microphones

63
Q

ARTICULATION

A

A quantitative measure of the intelligibility of speech

The percentage of speech items correctly perceived and recorded

64
Q

Artificial Reverberation

A

Reverberation generated by electrical or acoustical means to simulate that of concert halls large rooms or similar

65
Q

ASA

A

Acoustical Society of America

66
Q

Assemble Editing

A

An editing mode, where the main erase head removes everything that’s already on tape
The VCR records all incoming video, audio and control track information onto the tape replacing completely any previously recorded signals

67
Q

Assembly

A

The first process of editing
Usually applied to film
When the various shots are joined together in a rough order to produce a rough cut

68
Q

Assign

A

To send or route an audio signal to a channel or tape recorder track

69
Q

Attack

A

The beginning of a sound

The initial transient of a musical note

70
Q

Attack Time

A

The time it takes devices such as compressor, to react to a change in level of the input signal

71
Q

ATTENUATE

A

To reduce the amplitude or intensity of a sound

72
Q

ATTENUATION PAD

A

A resistive network inserted in aline to lower the level by a specified number of decibel (db)

73
Q

Attenuator

A

A device with variable resistance, used to control the level of an electrical signal

74
Q

Audio Frequency

A

An acoustical or electrical signal of a frequency that falls within the audible range of the human ear

20hz to 20khz

75
Q

Audio Spectrum

A

The sound spectrum between 20hz to 20kHz

76
Q

Auditory Area

A

The sensory area lying between the threshold of hearing and the threshold of feeling or pain

77
Q

Auditory Cortex

A

The region of the brain receiving nerve impulses from the ear

78
Q

Auditory System

A

The human hearing system made up of the external ear. the middle ear, the inner ear, the nerve pathways, and the brain

79
Q

Auto Locator

A

A tape recorder remote control unit which provides the operator with most of the tape recorder functions

80
Q

Aux Send

A

Auxiliary Send
A feature found in studio or live consoles
Usually used to send signal to effects or headphones

81
Q

Axial Mode

A

The room resonances associated with each pair of parallel walls

82
Q

Azimuth

A

The angular relationship between the head gap and the tape

83
Q

Azimuth Alignment

A

The mechanical adjustment of the record or playback head to bring it into proper alignment with the tape path

84
Q

Back Coating

A

A thing coating applied to the back of a magnetic recording tape, generally to reduce both slippage and the build up of static charges

85
Q

Back Plate

A

The fixed rear element in the capacitor/diaphragm of a condenser microphone

86
Q

Back Time

A

The calculation of a start point by first finding the finish point and subtracting the duration
This can relate to edit point or the recording of narration

87
Q

Backline

A

A term used in live music referring to equipment amps and drums all musicians and backing singers excluding the lead vocalist

88
Q

Baffle

A

A movable barrier used in the recording studio to achieve separation of signals or it refers to the surface upon which a loudspeaker is mounted

89
Q

Balance

A

The relative level of two or more instruments in a mix as determined by the producer

90
Q

Balanced Line

A

A method of sending a signal via two wires neither of which are directly tied to the earth of the system

91
Q

Balancing Engineer

A

The person responsible for the balance and technical supervision of a recording or mix down session

92
Q

Ballistics

A

A physical property of a meter movement referring to its ability to precisely respond to the envelope of the signal being measured

93
Q

Bandpass Filter

A

A filter that attenuate signals both below and above the desired pass band

94
Q

Bandwidth

A

the frequency ranged passed by a given device or structure

95
Q

Basic Tracks

A

In multi task recording those tracks that are recorded first
In general the rhythm tracks (guitars, bass, drums)

96
Q

Basilar Membrane

A

A membrane inside the cochlea that vibrates in response to sound, exciting the hair cells

97
Q

Bass

A

The lower range of audible frequencies

98
Q

Bass Boost

A

The increase in level of the lower range of frequencies

99
Q

Bass Reflex Enclosure

A

A loudspeaker enclosure
with an open port cut into the front baffle
Also called a vented enclosure

100
Q

BAUD

A

Is the transmission rate of a digital signal measured in seconds

101
Q

BCD

A

Binary Coded Decimal

102
Q

BEATS

A

Periodic fluctuations that are heard when sounds of slightly different frequencies are superimposed

103
Q

BEL

A

A relative measure of sound intensity or volume

104
Q

Bi Amplification

A

The separate amplification of the audio spectrum which has been split into two regions (by the use of crossover)

105
Q

Bi-Directional Microphone

A

A microphone that is sensitive to front and rear originating sounds, and relatively insensitive to side originating sounds

106
Q

Bi-Phase Modulation

A

The encoding scheme employed in the SMPTE time code

107
Q

Bias Beats

A

An audio frequency signal that may be created if two slightly different bias frequencies are combined

108
Q

Bias Frequency

A

The frequency of the applied bias signal generally about 120 to 180Khz

109
Q

Bias Oscillator

A

A fixed frequency oscillator built into the tape recorder to supply the bias current

110
Q

Bias Trap

A

A filter designed to block the bias frequency thus preventing it from overloading the record or playback amplifiers in a tape recorder

111
Q

Binary Digit

A

Any one of the two digits (0,1) used in Binary Numbering System

112
Q

Binary Coded Decimal

A

A decimal number in which each digit is encoded into its binary equivalent

113
Q

Binaural

A

A situation involving listening with two ears (stereo)

114
Q

Binder

A

The medium in which magnetic particles are suspended to form the oxide coating in magnetic recording tape

audio engineering (1 decks)

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