Week 1 Questions Flashcards
Radiographic evaluation is not as good for:
a. Detection of osteoporosis
b. Evaluating arthritis
c. Assessment of fractures
d. Initial bone tumor evaluation
e. Initial evaluation of a painful joint
a. Detection of osteoporosis
When evaluating a joint, especially the hip and shoulder - often 3 views of the joint are necessary
a. True
b. False
a. True
Describe the radiographic densities of the following tissue/material types: Gas Fatty tissue Connective tissue/muscle/blood Bones Heavy metal/hip replacements
Gas - very radiolucent
Fatty tissue - moderately radiolucent
Connective tissue/muscle/blood - intermediately radiolucent
Bones - moderately radiopaque
Heavy metal/hip replacements - very radiopaque
If you took an x-ray of nothing, the film would be bright white.
a. True
b. False
b. False
It would be black
When evaluating any joint in the MSK system - one radiographic view is adequate
a. True
b. False
b. False
Need at least 2, more for joints
If a fracture is described as an incomplete fracture - what is the most likely reason for that?
a. The patient has very osteoporotic bone and thus - the bone is more ductile and bends rather than breaks.
b. The break is due to a low energy injury and thus only broke part of the bone
c. The break most likely occurred in a child, who is more likely to bend/buckle or only break one cortex
d. The patient did not fall hard enough to break the bone all the way through
c. The break most likely occurred in a child, who is more likely to bend/buckle or only break one cortex
When describing a fracture pattern - you describe the position of what?
a. The position of the most displaced bone fragment
b. The rotation of the bone at the fracture site
c. The position of the bone proximal to the fracture
d. The angulation of the proximal bone
e. The position of the bone that is distal to the fracture
e. The position of the bone that is distal to the fracture
Is this an accurate description of a fracture pattern? This is an AP view of the femur. There is a spiral fracture of the diaphysis, it is non-displaced.
a. True
b. False
b. False
Need to describe if pt is skeletally mature
A fracture pattern that is a comminuted fracture pattern shows multiple pieces of bone at the break site
a. True
b. False
a. True
When describing a hip dislocation, you should describe:
a. The location of the acetabulum, relative to the femoral head
b. The location of the femoral head, relative to the acetabulum
c. The direction of hip flexion
d. The direction the knee is pointed, relative to the acetabulum
b. The location of the femoral head, relative to the acetabulum
Why is it important to adequately evaluate dislocations with proper x-rays so that you know the direction of the dislocation?
a. So you don’t break off the humeral head when using the wrong reduction technique
b. So you know which technique to use to reduce the dislocation
c. So you know what neurovascular structures may be compromised by the dislocation
d. It is not important to know the direction of the dislocation - brute force will reduce any dislocation
a, b, & c
In the advanced stages of osteomyelitis - the changes in the bone can be very similar to those of a tumor
a. True
b. False
a. True
Pick out the features of benign tumors:
a. Sharply defined borders of the tumor
b. No periosteal reaction
c. Cortex disrupted
d. Cortex intact
e. Periosteal reaction
f. Soft tissue masses
g. Blurred borders of the tumor
h. Matrix inside lesion
a, b, d
Match the clinical problem with the imaging modality that best corresponds to it:
- A patient with a one year history of left knee pain
- A patient with an intra-articular fracture of the hip
- Bone marrow abnormalities
- Tendon tears
- Evaluation of which bones are affected in a patient with metastatic bone disease
- Radiographs
- CT scan
- MRI
- MRI
- Nuclear medicine scan
Water is bright on T1 weighted MRI images
a. True
b. False
a. False
Water is black
How does the concentration of the following proteoglycans change with age?
- Keratan sulfate
- Chondroitan-4 sulfate
- Chondroitan-6 sulfate
- Increases
- Decreases
- Increases
Match the synovial fluid finding with the pathology:
- Normal
- Gout/pseudogout
- Infection
Fluid: crystals, WBC’s > 50,000, clear pale yellow fluid
- Clear pale yellow fluid
- Crystals
- WBC’s > 50,000
The synovial fluid aids in nutrition of the cartilage.
a. True
b. False
a. True
The synovial fluid removes debris from the joint
a. True
b. False
b. True
The synovial fluid heals cartilage injury
a. True
b. False
b. False
The lateral meniscus is more firmly attached than the medial meniscus
a. True
b. False
b. False
The meniscus aids in load transmission across the joint
a. True
b. False
a. True
The popliteus tendon is found posterior to the medial meniscus
a. True
b. False
b. False
The mechanioreceptors of the knee are found in the white white zone
a. True
b. False
a. False
The posterior horn of the medial meniscus serves as a secondary stabilizer to anterior translation
a. True
b. False
a. True
Match the zone of the meniscus and the ability to heal (poor, possible, good)
- Red red
- Red white
- White white
- Good
- Possible
- Poor
Which of the following is a function of the intervertebral disc?
a. Distributes load
b. Stabilizes spine
c. Absorbs energy
d. Maintains alignment
e. All of the above
e. All of the above
How does the intervertebral disc change with aging?
a. Water increases
b. Water decreases
c. No change
b. Water decreases
How does the intervertebral disc change with aging?
a. Cell concentration increases
b. Cell concentration decreases
c. No change
b. Cell concentration decreases
How does the intervertebral disc change with aging?
a. Stiffness increases
b. Stiffness decreases
c. No change
a. Stiffness increases
Match tissue characteristic with tendon/ligament:
- Uniform stiffness
- Built-in laxity
- Does not elongate
- Protects the joint
- Tendon
- Ligament
- Tendon
- Ligament
All of the following structures are composed primarily of Type I collagen except…
a. Tendons
b. Cartilage
c. Bone
d. Ligamens
b. Cartilage
The star senior offensive lineman at University of Michigan injures his knee during a blocking play. His knee has a valgus strain and he felt a pop. On exam he was found to have pain over his mCL but no laxity on stress testing of his ligament. What grade ligament sprain does he have?
a. Grade III
b. Grade IV
c. Grade II
d. Grade I
d. Grade I
Which describes Crimp?
a. Mechanical properties depend on orientation of force applied
b. Mechanical properties are static and independent of force
c. Non-linear portion of curve where collagen fibers straighten out
d. Linear portion of stress strain curve where collagen fibers are tense
c. Non-linear portion of curve where collagen fibers straighten out
Which describes Anisotropic?
a. Mechanical properties depend on orientation of force applied
b. Mechanical properties are static and independent of force
c. Non-linear portion of curve where collagen fibers straighten out
d. Linear portion of stress strain curve where collagen fibers are tense
a. Mechanical properties depend on orientation of force applied
What is the correct order of indirect attachment of tendons to bone?
Fibrocartilage, Tendon, Bone, Mineralized fibrocartilage
- Tendon
- Fibrocartilage
- Mineralized fibrocartilage
- Bone
What describes the flexor tendons?
a. Bends around joints
b. Enclosed within a tendon sheath
c. Synovial fluid surrounds tendons
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
