Week 1 - Qualitative and Quantitative Flashcards
- What are the 4 phases of the McPherson model (from lecture notes) of performing a qualitative skill analysis?
- Pre-observation
- Observation
- Diagnosis
- Remediation
Pre-observation involves what two phases?
- Develop movement analysis model (deterministic model)
- Observation Planning
Name 2 important criteria for an effective approach to qualitative analysis.
- Systematic
- Based on mechanics of movement
Several guideline rules are suggested when developing a mechanical model. List and explain these rules.
Step 1: Determine the goal / identify the RESULT
Step 2: Division of the RESULT
Step 3: Determine the mechanical factors
Step 4: Determine the critical features of performance
The movement analysis phase consists of what four stages? List these and explain them.
- Identify the goal of the movement
- Simplify the skill
- Help you to understand the movement more fully
- Identify the critical features (observable movement patterns that the performer can change)
List and explain several important and/or limiting factors when observing a skill.
Internal distractors
- Motivation, fear, excitement, bias, lack of plan
- Don’t jump to conclusions with one trial
External distractors
- Larger and brighter and contrasting attract attention
- Background movement
- Speed and complexity of movement
- Observation area (reduce distractions)
- Type and amount of equipment (minimise)
Other constraints
- Physiological characteristics (strength, power, endurance, flexibility)
- Physical characteristics
- Event characteristics (Temperature, playing surface, equipment conditions)
List several methods of observation giving an example for each.
- Direct observation (naked eye)
- Indirect observation (visual: foot prints, aural: hearing, tactile: feeling it, kinesthetic: how it feels to person)
What is the purpose of the diagnosis phase?
Diagnosis is the process of identifying errors from the observed performance and consists of 3 phases
Explain the process for identifying errors in the diagnosis era (3 phases)
A. Identify discrepancies between the desired and observed responses
- while allowing individual variations
- must compare faults to biomechanical factors not elite performer
B. Classify the errors as primary or secondary
- Primary - the main than should be corrected
- Secondary - error that is developed due to primary error
C. Prioritise and rank the errors depending upon their perceived level of importance
- Exclude faults that appear to be result of other faults
- Establish an order of priority of faults that remain
- Aim to achieve largest improvement in the result that is possible in the time
Be able to explain the process of remediation and note several important considerations.
General remediation guidelines:
- Only focus on one aspect at a time
- Choose appropriate methods to communicate feedback/instructions
- Check instructions are understood (repeat)
- Make modifications gradually
- Consider how modifications will affect rest of the skill
- Give positive feedback over discouraging feedback
Be able to explain the difference between quantitative and qualitative analysis and present examples for each.
Quantitative analysis involves measuring values to quantify motion (objective). Performance is recorded from which numerical scaling is applied. Examples = measuring time, displacement , velocity acceleration, angles, etc.
Qualitative analysis involves evaluating the quality of movement /performance subjectively on the basis of observation (subjective). Inany cases, qualitative analysis is visual observation in real time, in field conditions. Examples = ratings of poor, average good, etc.
Why is there a need to develop qualitative analysis procedures and standards?
Standardising qualitative analysis procedures ensures applicability across different levels of performer and a systematic approach that reduces the likelihood of error.
Qualitative analysis is not usually equipment dependent and can be used anywhere and anytime.
Pre-observation involves what two phases?
1) Movement Analysis Model (Deterministic Model)
2) Observation Planning
Several guideline rules are suggested when developing a mechanical model. List and explain these rules.
a) Where possible factors in model should be mechanical quantities, not vague words. eg. mass, ht, wt, force, torque.
b) Each factor must be completely determined by those immediately below it
c) Only direct effects should be included
d) Stop when cannot divide mechanical factors any further (coaching points)
e) Relationships between boxes on the same line are not shown (simplicity)
The movement analysis phase consists of what four stages? List these and explain them.
• Step 1: Determine the goal / Identify the RESULT
- This is the overall objective of the task/skill
- Ranges from distance thrown / height achieved / time taken to complete course etc
- Results may be Subjective or Objective
• Step 2: Division of the the RESULT
- Break the result into subsequent component parts
- This is the two or three main factors which contribute to the successful outcome.
• Step 3: Determine the mechanical factors
- This is where you determine the mechanical factors that influence the result
- You need a reasonable working knowledge of biomechanical principles.
• Step 4: Determine the critical features of performance
- The final stage is to take each mechanical factor and identify the body actions which generate these mechanical factors (Critical Features).
- The critical features are defined as statements describing specific joint or body motions allowing the task to be performed: They are the KEY features that allow performance
