Week 1- Pregnancy Flashcards
1st Trimester
1-13 weeks
2nd Trimester
14-26 weeks
3rd Trimester
27- 40 weeks
Length of Pregnancy
40 weeks
280 days
+/- 2 weeks
Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy
Amenorrhea N/V Increased urination Fatigue Quickening
Probable Signs of Pregnancy
Goodell sign- softening of vagina
Chadwick sign- bluing of the cervix
Heharsign - softening of the cervix
Baxton Hicks Contractions- occurs late in pregnancy
Ballottement- can feel the head in vagina!
+ pregnancy test
Positive Pregnancy Sign
Ultrasound visualization
Fetal heart tones
X ray visualization
Fetal movement felt by a physician
Role of Amniotic Fluid
Maintain body temp Cushions fetus Allows movement Baby swallows Last tri: practices breathing movement
Placenta
Completed growth by 12th week
Releases HCG
HCG
Hormone released by placenta Detected 7-10 after conception Pregnancy indicator Causes N/V 2x as high in twins
HPL
Must be present for fetal growth
Progesterone
Maintains pregnancy
Maintains lining of the uterus
Decreases contractibility
Stimulates breast feeding
Estrogen (Estroil)
Stimulate uterine growth
Helps with breast feedings
Stimulates contractions
Gravida
A woman who is pregnant
Gravidity
Pregnancy
Multigravida
2+ pregnancies
Multipara
Competed 2+ pregnancies
Para
Given birth X amount of times
Trips to delivery room, twins= 1
Nulligravida
Never been pregnant
Nullipara
Never completed a pregnancy
Parity
of pregnancies reaching viability
Post Date
Over 42 weeks gestation
Preterm
20-37 weeks
Primigravida
Pregnant for the first time
Primipara
Completed one pregnancy and reaching viability
Term
Beginning of week 38 til end of 42
Viability
Capacity to live outside the uterus
22-42 weeks
> 500 grams
Low birth weight
<2500 grams
Mother Weight gain
Gain 25-30lbs GRADUALLY
Gain a couple lbs a month
Supplements
Follic acid is extremely important during the 1st trimester
Could have neruo defects w/o
PICA
WERID cravings
Prime age for pregnancy
16-35 for least amount of complications
Exercise
Moderate
No more than usual
STAY HYDRATED
- dehydration= contractions
Health Concerns
NO DRUGS
NO ALCOHOL
NO SMOKING
Limited caffeine
Chorion
Fetal side of the placenta
Contains major umbilical cord blood vessels
Amnion
Becomes the covering of the umbilical cord
Covers chorion on the fetal surface of placenta
Umbilical cord
3 vessels
2 arteries
1 vein
Wharton Jelly
Covers umbilical cord and protects from compression
Fetal Heart Rate
110-160
Quickening
20 weeks 1st time mom will feel movement
16-17 weeks for 2nd or more
Body Adaptations
Increased BP, CO, BV Increased respirations Increased renal output Difficulty sleeping Heartburn Backaches N/V Derm changes
Fundal height
Grows 1 cm each week
Maternal Mortality
Increased over last 10 years
Major cause of maternal mortality
Embolism
Hemorrhage
Pregnancy related HTN
Infection
Infant Mortality
6.14 deaths per 1000 in 2010
American American Infant Mortality
Almost 2X as high
11.46 per 1000
African American Maternal Mortality
Highest maternal rates
3-4 times more than white Americans
African American Infant Mortality
Nearly twice as high compared to all races
Mature Lungs
Formed at about 35 weeks
L/S Ratio is 2:1
Fetal Hemoglobin
Carries 20-30% more
Concentration of Hgb is 50% more than mother
After 42 Weeks Gestation
Everything falls apart
Uterus become a hostile environment
Fluid level decreases
After 41 weeks chance of a still birth DRAMATICALLY goes up
Bollottement
Around 30th week can feel something bounce of your finger
Quickening
20 weeks 1st time mom can feel it
16/17th week 2+ time mom can feel it
Montgomery’s Tubules
White spots around the nipples
Colostrum
Full of antibodies and nutrients
Can last up to 4-6 hours without refrigerating
Ultrasonography
Fetal status and gestational age determiniation
Amnocentesis
Help rule out birth defects
Around 15-20 weeks
MSAFP
Screens for down syndrome, spina bifida, neural tube defects
Congenital Twins
2x as likely as monozygotic twins
