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PPC > Week 1: overview of neurological conditions > Flashcards

Week 1: overview of neurological conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between an UMNL and LMNL?

A
  • UMNL: means that the motor n. has been damaged in either the brain or SC (e.g. stroke)
  • LMNL: damage is to motor n. in periphery
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2
Q

What are symptoms for lack of blood through ant. cerebral a.?

A
  • m. weakness
  • loss of sensation
  • Broca’s aphasia
  • cog./behavioural
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3
Q

What are symptoms for lack of blood through middle cerebral a.?

A
  • aphasia
  • weakness (arm > leg)
  • loss of sensation (face and arm)
  • inattention/neglect
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4
Q

What are symptoms for lack of blood through post. cerebral a.?

A
  • loss of vision

* weakness and/or loss of sensation

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5
Q

What are some examples of conditions with recovery potential?

A
  • stroke
  • TBI
  • CP
  • GB
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6
Q

What are the aims for rehab in Pt.’s w/recovery potential?

A
  • Address underlying impairments
  • intensive task-related training of activities
  • limit adaptive strategies
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7
Q

What is a condition which requires adaptation for rehab?

A

SCI

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8
Q

what are the aims for rehab in Pt.’s who require adaptation?

A
  • address underlying impairment where possible
  • train adaptive strategies to promote activity and participation
  • prescription of aids

(incomplete SCI has recovery potential)

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9
Q

What are some examples of degenerative conditions?

A
  • PD
  • MND
  • MS
  • m. dystrophy
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10
Q

What are the aims for rehab in Pt.’s w/degenerative diseases?

A
  • early-slow decline
  • maintenance
  • train adaptive strategies to promote activity and participation
  • prescription of aids
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11
Q

What is weakness in neurological conditions?

A
  • loss of max. force generating capacity caused by decreased neural drive
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12
Q

What are some physiological changes of weakness in UMNL?

A
  • disruption to descending input to lower motor neurons, which leads to:
  • decreased no. of motor units activated
  • decreased motor unit discharge rate
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13
Q

What are some strategies to decrease weakness in paralysed Pt.’s?

A
  • high mental effort and high reps (daily)
  • EMG biofeedback
  • Provide mechanical advantage to m.
  • mental practice++
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14
Q

What are some strategies to decrease weakness in very weak Pt.’s?

A
  • high mental effort and high reps (daily)
  • continue strategies for paralysed Pt.’s and incl. exercises that:
  • work through full range
  • sustained contractions
  • increase movement speed
  • add resistance to mid range
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15
Q

What are some strategies to decrease weakness in weak Pt.’s?

A
  • high physical effort (i.e. progressive resistive training)
  • mod-high intensity - low reps to fatigue (3 sets, 3/7)
  • functional strengthening tasks
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16
Q

what is the difference in training parameters for paralysed/v/weak Pt.’s and weak/strong Pt.’s?

A
  • paralysed/v/weak:
  • high reps
  • low intensity
  • high mental effort
  • weak/strong:
  • low reps
  • high physical intensity
17
Q

what are the 3 main interventions to increase coordination?

A
  1. task-related training (part or modified)
  2. task training (whole)
  3. task training
18
Q

what are the 2 common sensory impairments?

A
  • Kinaesthetic

* Tactile (more common)

19
Q

what are components of kinaesthetic sensibility?

A
  • sense of position
  • sense of movement
  • sense of heaviness
20
Q

what are components of tactile sensation?

A
  • light touch
  • temp.
  • pressure
  • pin-prick
  • two-point discrimination
  • point localisation
21
Q

what are some adaptive behaviours caused by tactile and kinaesthetic impairments?

A
  • decrease ability to manipulate objects
  • inability to sustain appropriate level of force during grasp w/out vision
  • poor ability to balance in standing
    decrease walking velocity, inability to walk
  • less safe
  • decreased ability to learn new motor skills
22
Q

What does Nottingham Sensory Assessment involve?

A

Measurement of sensation that assesses different aspects of sensation

23
Q

What are examples of sensory retraining?

A
  • texture discrimination
  • Limb position sense
  • tactile object recognition
24
Q

What is spasticity?

A

A motor disorder characterised by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes (‘m. tone’) w/exaggerated tendon jerks resulting from hyperexcitability of the stretch reflex as one component of the upper motor neuron syndrome

25
Q

What is Claspknife Phenomenon?

A

As resistance builds up, there is a ‘catch;, and as movement slows, there is a ‘give’ as resistance melts away

26
Q

What is clonus?

A

Repetitive contractions of the m. in response to a maintained stretch

27
Q

What are some clinical tests of spasticity?

A
  • tendon jerks
  • Ashwprth Scale and Modified Ashworth Scale
  • Tardieu Scale
28
Q

What is muscle tone?

A

The resistance of the normal, relaxed limb to passive stretch

29
Q

What is muscle tone determined by?

A
  • passive inertia of the limb

* passive mechanical properties (compliance) of the soft tissues

30
Q

What does hypertonus mean?

A

an increase in the resistance felt when moving a relaxed limb

31
Q

What is the management for mild-mod. spasticity?

A
  • minimise chance of triggering stretch reflex during attempts at motor tasks
  • train m. activity for specific actions as usual
  • maintain m. length and j. flexibility
  • drugs
  • casting
  • multilevel surgery

PPC (3 decks)

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