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oral pathology > week 1 oral pathology > Flashcards

week 1 oral pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Bulla

A

A circumscribed, elevated lesion that is more than 5 mm in diameter
Usually contains serous fluid, and looks like a blister

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2
Q

lobule

A

A segment or lobe that is part of a whole
These lobes sometimes appear fused together

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3
Q

macule

A

An area that is usually distinguished by a color different from that of the surrounding tissue
It is flat and does not protrude above the surface of the normal tissue
A freckle is an example of a macule

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4
Q

nodule

A

A palpable solid lesion up to 1 cm in diameter found in soft tissue
Can occur above, level with, or beneath the skin surface

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5
Q

papule

A

A small, circumscribed lesion usually less than 1 cm in diameter
It is elevated or protrudes above the surface of normal surrounding tissue

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6
Q

pedunculated

A

Attached by a stemlike or stalklike base similar to that of a mushroom

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7
Q

pustules

A

Variously sized circumscribed elevations containing pus

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8
Q

sessile

A

Describes the base of a lesion that is flat or broad instead of stemlike

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9
Q

vesicle

A

A small, elevated lesion less than 1 cm in diameter that contains serous fluid

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10
Q

lesion colors

A

Red
Pink
Salmon
White
Blue-Black
Gray
Brown
Black

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11
Q

Erythema

A

abnormal redness

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12
Q

Erythroplakia

A

Appears as a smooth red patch or granular, red, velvety patch
Can NOT be rubbed off or diagnosed as a specific disease

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13
Q

pallor

A

paleness

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14
Q

leukoplakia

A

White patch or plaque-like lesion
Can NOT be rubbed off or diagnosed as a specific disease

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15
Q

corrugated

A

wrinkled

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16
Q

papilary

A

small finger like projections or elevations found in clusters

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17
Q

verrucous

A

warty often with a rough surface

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18
Q

coalescence

A

The process by which parts of a whole join together, or fuse, to make one

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19
Q

diffuse

A

Describes a lesion with borders that are not well defined, making it impossible to detect the exact parameters of the lesion

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20
Q

well circumscribed

A

Used to describe a lesion with borders that are specifically defined and in which one can clearly see the exact margins and extent

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21
Q

radiopaque

A

lighter

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22
Q

radiolucent

A

darker

23
Q

multilocular

A

-Describes a lesion that extends beyond the confines of one distinct area
-Defined as many lobes or parts that are somewhat fused together
-A multilocular radiolucency is sometimes described as resembling soap bubbles

24
Q

Uniocular

A

Having one compartment or unit that is well defined or outlined as in a simple radicular cyst

25
Q

describing a lesion

A

Size
Color
Shape
Structure/Location
Surface texture
Consistency
Margins/borders
Symptoms

26
Q

diagnostic process

A

clinical
radiographic
historical
laboratory
microscopic
surgical
therapeutic
differential

27
Q

clinical diagnosis

A

Color
Shape
Size
Location
Consistency
History of lesion

28
Q

lesions that can be clinically diagnosed

A

Median rhomboid glossitis
Fordyce granules
Mandibular tori
Melanin pigmentation
Lingual varicosities
Hairy tongue
Torus palatinus
Geographic tongue
Fissured tongue

29
Q

radiographic diagnosis

A

Radiographs provides sufficient information to establish the diagnosis

Clinical & historical findings may contribute, but radiographs give final diagnosis.

30
Q

lesions that can be radiographically diagnosed

A

Periapical abscess
Internal resorption
External resorption
Heavy interproximal calculus
Compound odontoma
Supernumerary teeth
Impacted/unerupted teeth
Caries!

31
Q

historical diagnosis

A

Personal history
Family history
Past and present medical and dental histories
History of drug ingestion
History of the presenting disease or lesion

32
Q

laboratory diagnosis

A

Can provide information that contributes to a diagnosis
Blood chemistries
organismal cultures
Urinalysis

Also helpful in determining the diagnosis of oral infections

33
Q

microscopic diagnosis

A

Biopsy specimen taken from lesion & examined

Scalpel biopsy considered the gold standard

Brush biopsy (oral cancer screening kits) and light-based systems

34
Q

surgical diagnosis

A

Diagnosis is made using the information gained during the surgical procedure
-Traumatic bone cyst
May appear as a radiolucency that scallops around the roots
When the lesion is opened surgically, an empty void is found

35
Q

therapeutic diagnosis

A

Nutritional deficiencies are common conditions to be diagnosed by therapeutic means

36
Q

angular cheilitis

A

May be associated with a deficiency of B-complex vitamins
Most commonly a fungal condition and responds to topical application of an antifungal cream or ointment such as Nystatin

37
Q

Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG)

A

Has distinct clinical features
- Punched out, blunted papillae
Therapeutically treated with hydrogen peroxide rinses
NUG bacteria cannot survive in the presence of oxygen

38
Q

differential diagnosis

A

That point in the diagnostic process when the practitioner decides which test or procedure is required to rule out the conditions originally suspected and to establish the definitive or final diagnosis.

39
Q

hygienist role in differential diagnosis

A

Be observant!
Collect data
MDHX
History of lesion
Clinical description and evaluation

40
Q

describing a lesion in notes

A

When a disease, condition or lesion is identified it is important that it be described in terms that are universally understood
Description should be exact
3 mm circumscribed lesion - not small, round spot/area
Description should be professional
i.e.: calculus vs tartar

41
Q

Fordyce granules

A

Clusters of ectopic sebaceous glands
Appear as yellow lobules in clusters
Commonly observed on vermilion border of lips and buccal mucosa
No treatment
More than 80% of adults over 20 years old have

42
Q

Torus oalatinus

A

An exophytic growth of normal compact bone
Observed clinically in midline of hard palate
Inherited, gradual formation
More common in women
May take on various shapes and sizes, may be lobulated, and is covered by normal soft tissue
Treatment
None, unless they interfere with speech, swallowing, or a prosthetic appliance

43
Q

mandibular tori

A

Outgrowths of dense bone found on the lingual aspect of the mandible in the area of the premolars above the mylohyoid ridge
Usually bilateral
Often lobulated or nodular
Can appear fused together
Have no predilection for either sex
No treatment unless they interfere with fabrication and placement of a prosthodontic appliance

44
Q

melanin pigmentation

A

The pigment that gives color to skin, eyes, hair, mucosa, and gingiva
Most commonly observed in dark-skinned individuals

45
Q

lingual varicosities

A

Clinical appearance
Red-to-purple enlarged vessels or clusters
Usually observed on the ventral and lateral surfaces of the tongue
Most commonly observed in individuals older than 60 years

46
Q

linea alba

A

A “white line” extends anteroposteriorly on the buccal mucosa along the occlusal plane
May be bilateral
May be more prominent in patients who have a clenching or bruxing habit

47
Q

leukoedema

A

A generalized opalescence on the buccal mucosa
Most commonly observed in black adults
If the mucosa is stretched, the opalescence becomes less prominent
No treatment
Up to 90% of cases are observed in black adults.

48
Q

lingual thyroid

A

-Undescended, trapped remnants of thyroid tissue
-Clinical appearance
A mass in the midline of the dorsal surface of the tongue posterior to the circumvallate papillae in the area of the foramen cecum
Usually has a sessile base and is 2 to 3 cm in width
-Predilection
Females
Linked to hormonal changes
-Treatment
Evaluation of the patient to determine whether the thyroid gland is present in its normal location
No treatment is required if lingual thyroid is the patient’s only functioning thyroid.
-Symptoms
Dysphasia (swallowing)
Dysphonia (speaking)
Dyspnea (breathing)

49
Q

median rhomboid glossitis

A

Flat or slightly raised oval or rectangular erythematous area in center of tongue
May be associated with a chronic infection with Candida albicans
No treatment necessary, but antifungal treatment may be used

50
Q

Erythema Migrans/Benign Migratory Glossitis(Geographic Tongue)

A

Erythematous patches surrounded by a white or yellow border
Diffuse areas devoid of filiform papillae
Distinct presence of fungiform papillae
Ectopic can occur on other muciosal tissues
No treatment needed

51
Q

fissured tongue

A

Clinical appearance
The dorsal surface of the tongue appears to have deep fissures or grooves
Cause: Unknown
Probably involves genetic factors
Seen in about 5% of the population

52
Q

white hairy tongue

A

Clinical appearance
Elongated filiform papillae are white
Result of either an increase in keratin production or a decrease in normal desquamation
Home care
Direct the patient to brush the tongue gently with a toothbrush to remove debris

53
Q

black hairy tongue

A

Clinical appearance
Papillae are brown-to-black because of chromogenic bacteria
Contributing factors
Tobacco
Foods
Hydrogen peroxide
Alcohol
Chemical rinses
Home care
Direct the patient to brush the tongue gently with a toothbrush to remove debris

oral pathology (2 decks)

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