Week 1 - Normal vs Disorder Classifications Flashcards
What are the normal perceptions of voice?
Loudness, pleasantness, flexibility, representation
effortless, clear, typical of age and gender
produced without developing vocal trauma and lesions
What is the function of voice?
paralinguistic and linguistic functions, audibility, exert control, influence social interactions
conveys information about age, gender, education, occupation, geographic/socioeconomic origin, social context, culture, emotion
What are the suprasegmental phonology features of voice?
Rise and fall of vocal pitch
intonation has grammatical role , makes contrasts, manipulation
What are the segmental phonology features?
coordination of phonology with articulation
What is the power-source-filter model
power = respiration source = larynx - vocal folds filter = resonance - oral/nasal cavity
What are the layers of the vocal folds?
outer layer = epithelium - protection of mucosal coverings from mechanical movement
middle layer = lamina propria - superficial, intermediate, deep layer
inner layer = vocalis muscle
What is fundamental frequency?
Rate of vocal fold vibration expressed in cycles per second or Hertz (Hz)
What is the intensity control?
Sound pressure level (SPL) of the acoustic output. Measures in decibels (dB)
Determined by - subglottal pressure, vocal fold vibratory phase, transglottal flow, supraglottic vocal tract tuning
What occurs to the larynx after puberty?
Increase testosterone/oestrogen Laryngeal cartilage enlarge Laryngeal muscles enlarge Vocal fold length increases Epiglottis enlarges, flattens, elevates Neck elongates Larynx descends Thorax enlarges Resonators enlarge
What is a voice disorder?
A voice disorder exists when quality, pitch, loudness, or flexibility differs from the voices of others of similar age, sex, & cultural group
Examples of VF structural abnormalities
Uneven vibrating edges due to disruption of mucosal waves inappropriate use infection and disease systemic changes Congenital physical trauma surface irritation
What is a functional voice disorder
Caused by psychoneuroses, personality disorder & faulty habits of voce use
Provide examples of a functional voice disorder
Functional dysphonia Muscle tension dysphonia VF thickening Vocal nodules, vocal polyps, Reinke's oedema Chronic laryngitis Ventricular dysphonia
What is an organic voice disorder
structural abnormalities or in response to injury
Provide examples of an organic disorder
Vocal process granuloma Intubation granuloma Leukoplakia Cancer Laryngeal web Infectious laryngitis Papillomatosis Vocal fold cyst
What is the difference between symptoms and signs?
symptoms are subjective reported by patient and represent a departure from normal function
signs are objective and detected by clinician and may be observed or tested
Symptoms of a voice disorder
vocal fatigue, hoarseness, breathy, reduced phonation range, aphonia, pitch breaks, strain, tremor, discomfort
Signs of a voice disorder
Mono-pitch-loudness, inappropriate pitch/loudness, pitch breaks, reduced pitch/loudness range, hoarse, breathy, tension, strain, sudden interruptions, phonation breaks, voice arrests, diplophonia, stridor, excessive throat clearing
What is the typical fundamental frequency?
males - 100-150Hz
females - 180-250Hz
What is the typical amplitude
conversational speech = 60-80dB
What is the typical maximum phonatory duration?
s/z ratio - 0.4-2.0
What are the typical aerodynamic features?
airflow = 0.5-2.0/sec
subglottal pressure = 2-9cm H20
