week 1 med/surg CH33 Cardiovascular Cont'd

Question 1

2. A patient is given an α1-adrenergic agonist and experiences a reflex bradycardia. What normal mechanism of BP control is stimulated in this situation?

Answer 1

. The vasoconstriction caused by the α1-adrenergic agent raises the BP, stimulating the baroreceptors. The baroreceptors send impulses to the sympathetic vasomotor center in the brainstem, which inhibits the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in a decreased heart rate (HR), decreased force of contraction, and vasodilation.

Question 2

` A patient uses a mixed β-adrenergic blocking drug for treatment of migraine headaches. What effect might this drug have on BP and why?

Answer 2

The drug will lower BP because of decreased stroke volume and decreased HR, both of which decrease CO.

Question 3

4. What are nonmodifiable risk factors for primary hypertension (select all that apply)?
   a. Age
   b. Obesity
   c. Gender
   d. Ethnicity
   e. Genetic link

Answer 3

a, c, d, e. Hypertension progresses with increasing age. It is more prevalent in men up to age 45 and above the age of 64 in women. African Americans have a higher incidence of hypertension than do white Americans. Children and siblings of patients with hypertension should be screened and taught about healthy lifestyles.

Question 4

5. How is secondary hypertension differentiated from primary hypertension?

Answer 4

c. Has a specific cause, such as renal disease, that often can be treated by medicine or surger

rationale :: Secondary hypertension has an underlying cause that can often be treated, in contrast to primary or essential hypertension, which has no single known cause. Isolated systolic hypertension occurs when the systolic blood pressure (SBP) is consistently elevated over 140 mm Hg but the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) remains less than 90 mm Hg, which is more prevalent in older adults. The only type of hypertension that does not cause target organ damage is pseudohypertension.

Question 5

6. What is the patient with primary hypertension likely to report?

Answer 5

a. No symptom
rationale: Hypertension is often asymptomatic, especially if it is mild or moderate, and has been called the “silent killer.” The absence of symptoms often leads to noncompliance with medical treatment and a lack of concern about the disease in patients. With severe hypertension, symptoms usually occur and may include a morning occipital headache, fatigability, dizziness, palpitations, angina, and dyspnea.

Question 6

What is most organ damage in hypertension related to?

Answer 6

Atherosclerotic changes in vessels that supply the organs

Question 7

The patient who is being admitted has had a history of uncontrolled hypertension. High SVR is most likely to cause damage to which organ

Answer 7

Heart

Question 8

a nursing is preparing to teach a grouop of women in a community volunteer group about heart disease what shold the nurse include in the teaching plan

Answer 8

women are most likely to have non cardiac symptoms of heart disease