Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

South College MSK 4 > Week 1: Med-Screening for the Shoulder and Upper Extremity > Flashcards

Week 1: Med-Screening for the Shoulder and Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

MSK conditions to screen for during an exam for the upper extremity

A
  • Cervical fracture
  • Cervical myelopathy
  • Upper cervical spine ligament laxity
  • Spinal infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Algorithm for determining if imaging is needed for cervical fracture

A
  • High risk factor? If no, then…
  • Low risk factor? If no, then…
  • Able to rotate neck 45 degrees? If yes, then no imaging
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

High risk factors for cervical fracture

A
  • 65+
  • Dangerous MOI
  • Upper extremity paresthesia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Low risk factors for cervical fracture

A
  • Simple MVC
  • Sitting position in ER
  • Ambulatory at any time
  • Delayed-onset neck pain
  • Absence of midline cervical spine tenderness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is cervical myelopathy

A
  • UMN lesion

- Pressing or pressure against the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mechanical causes of cervical myelopathy

A
  • Trauma (ligament instability, fracture)
  • Spinal cord compression
  • Degenerative changes
  • Bulging discs, thickened ligamentum flavum
  • RA w/ atlanto-axial subluxation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Systemic causes of cervical myelopathy

A
  • MS, ALS
  • Guillain-Barre
  • Multifocal motor myelopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Diagnostic cluster for cervical myelopathy

A

3/5 positive tests:

  • Gait deviation
  • Hoffman’s test
  • Inverted supinator sign
  • Babinski test
  • > 45 years old
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What ligaments are we concerned with for upper cervical ligamentous laxity?

A
  • Alar

- Transverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Signs and symptoms of upper cervical ligamentous laxity

A
  • Occipital headache and numbness
  • Severe limitation during neck AROM in all directions
  • Signs of cervical myelopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Causes of upper cervical ligamentous laxity

A
  • Trauma
  • RA w/ atlanto-axial subluxation, Down syndrome, and Klippel-Fiel
  • Os odontoideum
  • Odontoid fracture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Os odontoideum

A

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Odontoid fracture

A

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How to test for upper cervical ligamenout laxity

A
  • Alar ligament stress test
  • Transverse ligament test/anterior shear test
  • Sharp-Purser test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Signs and symptoms for spinal infection

A
  • Unrelenting spine pain
  • Worse/severe pain at night (no change w/ positions)
  • Fever, chills, fatigue
  • Concurrent infection or IV drug use
  • Possible redness, swelling, warmth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What to do in event of spinal infection

A

Refer for imaging and clinical lab tests

17
Q

Treatment for spinal infection

A
  • Antibiotic therapy

- Surgical decompression

18
Q

Cardiovascular conditions to screen for during an exam for the upper extremity

A
  • Cardiovascular event

- Cervical spine arterial dysfunction

19
Q

Signs and symptoms of cardiovascular event

A
  • Chest pain
  • Abdominal pain
  • Shortness of breath
  • Heart palpitation
  • Irregular HR
  • Dizziness, nausea
  • Peripheral edema
  • Syncope
20
Q

MSK complaints indicating cardiovascular event

A
  • Jaw, neck, shoulder, arm, and back pain
  • Myalgias, muscular fatigue, and muscle atrophy
  • Weakness and fatigue
  • Poor exercise tolerance
21
Q

Signs and symptoms of cervical arterial dysfunction

A

5 D’s And 3 N’s

  • Dizziness
  • Drop attacks
  • Dysphagia
  • Dysarthria
  • Diplopia
  • Ataxia
  • Nausea
  • Numbness
  • Nystagmus
22
Q

Pulmonary conditions to screen for during an exam for the upper extremity

A
  • Pulmonary event
  • Pneumothorax
  • Pulmonary embolism
23
Q

Pain descriptors for a pulmonary event

A
  • Sharp, localized
  • Aggravated by breathing, coughing, sneezing, laughing, etc
  • Better in upright/worse in recumbent
  • Better w/ autosplinting
24
Q

Signs and symptoms for pulmonary event

A
  • Dyspnea/shortness of breath
  • Persistent cough
  • Fevers, chills, general malaise
  • Weak, rapid pulse w/ fall in BP
  • Cyanosis
25
Q

Cyanosis

A

-

26
Q

Signs and symptoms for pneumothorax

A
  • Shortness of breath
  • Dry cough
  • Acute onset sharp pain in the chest
  • Refer to ipsilateral shoulder/upper traps
  • Drop in BP
  • More pain in recumbent, better in sitting
27
Q

Predictor variables for pulmonary embolism

A
  • Clinical s/s of DVT (3)
  • No alternative diagnosis (3)
  • HR > 100 (1.5)
  • Immobilization after surgery in past 4 wks (1.5)
  • Previous DVT/PE (1.5)
  • Hemoptysis (1)
  • Malignancy (current/past 6 months) (1)
28
Q

Probability of pulmonary embolism based on predictor variable

A
  • <2 points = low risk = 3.6% probability
  • 2-6 points = moderate risk = 20.5% probability
  • > 6 points = high risk = 66.7% probability
29
Q

Symptoms of stomach, duodenal, or pancreatic conditions

A
  • Gnawing, cramping, burning, heartburn, aching
  • Weight loss, nausea, vomiting, fever, malaise
  • Pain in wave associated w/ eating/drinking
  • Black “tarry” or light colored stools
30
Q

Causes of stomach, duodenal, or pancreatic conditions

A
  • Gastric, pyloric, or duodenal ulcers

- Stomach cancer

31
Q

Review referral patterns for GI and renal conditions

A

-

32
Q

Where is the most common site of metastases?

A

Skeleton

33
Q

Where are metastases located in the spine?

A
  • 60% thoracic
  • 40% lumbosacral
  • Rare in c-spine
34
Q

“Lead kettle” for cancers that cause spinal pain

A

PB KTLL

  • Prostate
  • Breast
  • Kidney
  • Thyroid
  • Lung
  • Lymphoma
35
Q

Cancers affecting the cervico-thoracic spine

A
  • Thyroid and esophageal cancer
  • Hodgkin’s lymphoma
  • Pancoast’s tumor
  • Multiple myeloma
  • Breast cancer
  • Organ cancers can refer to the T-spine
36
Q

Diagnostic cluster for cancers

A

Age 50+ OR unexplained weight loss OR previous hx of cancer OR failure to improve over 1 month

37
Q

Common risk factors for depression

A
  • Current or hx of depression
  • Family hx of major depression
  • Hx of MI, CA, CVA, substance abuse
  • Significant loss or change in social status
  • Pregnant or post-partum
  • Fatigue or sleep disturbance
  • Women > men
  • Chronic pain or 2+ chronic diseases
38
Q

Risk factors for major depression disorder

A
  • Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day

- Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities

39
Q

Common risk factors for suicide

A
  • Family hx
  • Sense of hopelessness
  • Previous attempts or plan
  • Major depression and/or substance abuse
  • Males (higher rate of completion)
  • Females (higher attempt rate)

South College MSK 4 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions