Week 1 - Matter And Atoms Flashcards
What is the subatomic particles of an atom made up of?
Protons (positive), Neutrons (no charge), Electrons (negative)
Describe the general structure of an atom?
Protons and neutrons are contained within nucleus of the atom whereas the electrons orbit the nucleus (along the shell)
What are the charges of the particles?(proton, neutron, electron)
Proton -> Positive (+1), Neutron -> None Neutral, Electron -> Negative (-1)
What are the Masses for the particles? (Proton,neutron,electron)
Proton -> 1.007, Neutron -> 1.0087, Electron-> 5.486 x 10 ^ -4
How do you identify the mass number of an atom?
The number of both protons and neutrons (protons+neutrons)
How do you identify the atomic number in an atom?
Through the number of protons
In a neutral atom what will be the number of electrons?
The number of electrons will be equal to the number of protons
What are the things included in a periodic table element (top to bottom)
1.Atomic number
2.Chemical symbol
3.Element Name
4.Atomic mass
What are Isotopes?
Elements that are identified by their atomic number, the number of protons
Two atoms of the same element can occasionally differ in their number of neutrons. These are called isotopes.
How is the periodic table arranged?
In order of increasing atomic number
It is also arranged into columns called (groups) and rows called (periods).
What type of elements are on the left and right known as?
Elements on the left of the table are metals, and those on the right are known as non-metals.
What happens when a certain number of protons in an element are fixed?
Atoms can gain or lose electrons
What happens when there is a gain or loss of electrons?
This will lead to a difference in charge within the atom - leading to something called an ion.
Neutral atom -> gain of electrons -> anion
Neutral atom ->loss of electrons->cations
What are the two types of ions?
Anions (negative)
Cations (positive)
Why are Cations positive? Why are Anions negative?
Cations are positive because, atoms that lose electrons will have more protons than electrons, therefore positive
Anions are negative because, atoms that gain electrons will have more electrons than protons, therefore negative
Charge of ions across the periodic table in order are? (Left to right)
(1+, 2+, 3+, 4+,5+,6+,7+,8+,9+,10+,11+,12+, 3+, 4-,3-,2-,1-)
What are some common positive ions?
Hydrogen
Sodium
Potassium
Silver
Copper
Ammonium
Magnesium
Barium
Zinc
Iron
What are some common negative ions?
Hydroxide
Nitrate
Fluoride
Chloride
Bromide
Iodide
Sulfate
Nitride
Phosphate
Carbonate
What do cations and anions form?
They form compounds with a neutral charge
What else can combine into molecules?
Elements can also combine into molecules. Subscript numbers indicate the number of atoms of each element within the element.
