Week 1 Maternal/newborn Flashcards
Define Antepartum, intrapartum, postpartum
Antepartum - prenatal/pregnancy
Intrapartum- labor/delivery
Postpartum - after birth
What are the female reproductive structures?
-ovaries
-Fallopian tubes
-uterus
-cervix
-vagina
What is the function of the vagina?
It has 3 major functions:
1. It allows discharge/ menstrual flow
2. Female organ for sex
3. Allows passage for baby to be born
What is the function of the uterus?
-largest organ of the female reproductive system
-Carries the baby/forms placenta
-responsible for menstruation
-site of implantation for fertilization
What are the layers of the uterus?
-perimetrium (outer peritoneal layer of Serous membrane that covers most of the uterus)
-myometrium (middle layer of thick muscle. Most muscle fibers are concentrated in the upper uterus. contains 3 types of smooth muscle fiber - longitudinal, interlacing figure-8, circular)
-Endometrium (inner layer of uterus. Responds to cyclic variations of estrogen and progesterone during cycle. It has two layers- basal & functional)
What is the function of the Fallopian Tubes?
-pathway for released egg between ovary and uterus
-fertilization occurs here
-lined with cilia to propel egg through tube
What are the 4 divisions of the fallopian tubes?
- The interstitial portion runs into the uterine cavity and lies within the uterine wall.
- The isthmus is the narrow part adjacent to the uterus.
- The ampulla is the wider area of the tube lateral to the isth-mus, where fertilization occurs.
- The infundibulum is the wide, funnel-shaped terminal end of the tube. Fimbriae are finger-like processes that surround the infundibulum.
What is the function of the ovaries?
(1) sex hormone production
(2) maturation of an ovum during each reproductive cycle.
(3) secretes estrogen & progesterone during a woman’s reproductive cycle to prepare the uterine lining for pregnancy.
What is the function of the cervix (lowest part of the uterus)
-The cervix is the tubular “neck” of the lower uterus.
-During labor, the cervix effaces (thins) and dilates (opens) to allow passage of the fetus.
-The os is the opening in the cervix between the uterus and vagina.
-The upper cervix and lower cervix are marked by the internal os and external os.
What are the 3 phases of the ovarian cycle?
-Follicular
-ovulatory
-luteal
Describe the follicular phase
-Maturation of egg
-starts 1st day of menstruation, ends approx. 14 days later
Describe the ovulatory phase
-Near the middle of a 28-day reproductive cycle & about two days before ovulation, LH secretion rises.
-The mature follicle is a mass of cells with a fluid-filled chamber. A smaller mass of cells houses the ovum within this chamber. At ovulation a blister-like projection called a stigma forms on the wall of the follicle, the follicle ruptures, and the ovum with its surrounding cells is released from the surface
of the ovary, where it is picked up by the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube for transport to the uterus.
Describe the Luteal Phase
-Ovulation marks the beginning of the Luteal phase of the reproductive cycle and occurs 14 days before the next menstrual period.
-After ovulation and under the influence of LH, the remaining cells of the old follicle persist for approximately 12 days as a corpus luteum.
-The corpus luteum secretes estrogen and large amounts of progesterone to prepare the endometrium for a fertilized ovum.
-During this phase, levels of FSH and LH decrease in response to higher levels of estrogen and progesterone.
Phases of menstruation- uterine changes
•Menstrual Phase > 4-6 days, decreased levels of estrogen and progesterone.
• Proliferative Phase > 9 days, growth of endometrium stimulated by estrogen (ovulation 12-16 days)
• Secretory Phase > 12 days following ovulation, progesterone prepares uterus for embryo
Pelvis shapes
•Gynecoid-most favorable
(These 3 are hard deliveries)
• Anthropoid- narrow pubic arch
• Android- resembles male pelvis
•Platypelloid-short ant/post diameter
Where does fertilization occur?
The ampulla of the fallopian Tube
If a women has a missed period, and is pregnant how many weeks are they usually along?
-4-5 weeks (your first week of bleeding -the missed period-counts as week one)
-the body also has protection in place from alcohol because it knows you don’t know you’re pregnant
Are the fallopian tubes a closed system?
NO- the egg can escape and implant/attach to the bladder, intestines and become an ectopic pregnancy which is not good