Week 1 Material- MCQ'S ONLY

Question 1

Why is it important for children to play?

Answer 1

1. Motricity and Coordination.
2. Understanding cause and effect.
3. Participating in Society.
4. Deal with internal and external conflicts and emotions.
5. Problem Solving.

Question 2

Sensorimotor Play

Answer 2

The activity a child does when she learns to use her muscles through repetitive movements

Question 3

Social Contingency Play

Answer 3

Contingent reactions of others to one’s own actions

Question 4

Symbolic Play

Answer 4

A child starts to use objects to represent things.

Question 5

Object Play

Answer 5

Any play involving an object

Question 6

Exercise/Physical/Active Play

Answer 6

Sports etc.

Question 7

Rough and Tumble Play

Answer 7

Play-fighting etc.

Question 8

Socio-dramatic, pretend, or Roleplay

Answer 8

A child pretends to be a doctor etc.

Question 9

Everyday Observation

Answer 9

Everyday observation may be about:
•gathering information
•noticing things
•paying selective attention
•processing what you see
•being to some extent detached from what you 
observe.

Question 10

Scientific Observation

Answer 10

Usually utilizes a permanent recording
(video/textual transcripts).

Specifies in advance what we are expecting to
observe [What your research question is about].

Specifies very precisely what we are ‘looking
for’ [types of behaviour that would answer your
research question].

Is designed to avoid personal bias on the part
of the observer.

Question 11

Being systematic increases objectiveness

Answer 11

Set up pre-established and carefully defined categories to focus the observer’s attention.

Define behaviour precisely in order to make it measurable.

By making it measurable it becomes quantifiable.

The categories we create are called a coding scheme

Question 12

What different kinds of observation methods do social scientists have access to?

Answer 12

Role (or involvement) of the observer:
• Direct Observation (DO)
• Indirect Observation (IO)
• Participant Observation (PO)

Question 13

Identity of the observer:

Answer 13

• Overt Observation
• Covert Observation (not disclosed to those being
observed)
• Partly covert: some people are aware of the
purpose of the observation but other not, e.g.,
observing children in the classroom, etc.