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FLS First Year Sem 1 > Week 1 Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid, macromolecule, nucleic acid

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2
Q

what are the small units of DNA

A

nucleotide

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3
Q

what is nucleotide made of

A

phosphate, pentose sugar, nitrogenous base

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4
Q

what is a nucleoside made of

A

pentose sugar, nitrogenous base

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5
Q

what are the 4 nitrogenous bases

A

adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

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6
Q

what are the two purines

A

adenine and guanine

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7
Q

what are the two pyrimidines

A

thymine and cytosine

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8
Q

what is the bond between phosphate and pentose sugar

A

phosphodiester

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9
Q

what is the bond between pentose and base

A

N-glycosidic bond

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10
Q

which bond is weaker, hydrogen or covalent

A

hydrogen

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11
Q

what is a condensation reaction

A

joins molecules together by eliminating water

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12
Q

what is a hydrolysis reaction

A

breaks molecules by adding water

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13
Q

what happens in the major groove

A

allows binding of regulatory proteins and enzymes for processes like DNA replication, transcription and DNA repair

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14
Q

what happens in the minor groove

A

some proteins recognize and bind to minor groove

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15
Q

asexual reproduction in prokaryotes

A
  1. entire genome is one circular chromosome
  2. replicates to produce 2 identical chromosomes
  3. 2 identical chromosomes move towards opposite ends of the cell
  4. cytokinesis
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16
Q

asexual reproduction in eukaryotes

A

M- mitosis
S- DNA replication
G1 and G2- transcription (gene expression)

17
Q

DNA Replication initiation steps

A
  1. helicase breaks hydrogen bonds
  2. single stranded binding (SBBP) proteins keep the untangled strands apart
  3. primase adds ribonucleoside triphosphate to synthesize RNA primer
18
Q

DNA Replication elongation step

A
  1. DNA Polymerase puts complimentary bases in 5’ to 3’ direction (4 dNTPs)

[* must have a template and a primer]

[*can proof read]

19
Q

DNA Replication termination steps

A
  1. exonuclease removes nucleosides from the end of the DNA strand. also removes primer by recognizing ribose sugar. can repair damaged DNA
  2. gaps due to primer being removed filled in by DNA Polymerase II
  3. ligase joins the DNA strands by making new phosphate bonds
20
Q

what enzymes finish the job of DNA Replication

A
  1. gyrase (a topoisomerase) relaxes supercoils. also facilitates unwinding at the beginning of replication
  2. telomerase uses a short RNA template to add short DNA repeats to the short ends of linear chromosomes when last primer is removed using RNA template

FLS First Year Sem 1 (2 decks)

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