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BIO 214 > Week 1 Lab Objectives > Flashcards

Week 1 Lab Objectives Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Abdominal (abdomen)

A

Located between the ribs and above the hips

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2
Q

Umbilical

A

Navel

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3
Q

Back (Dorsum)

A

Dorsal

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4
Q

Gluteal

A

Buttocks

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5
Q

Lumbar

A

Lower back

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6
Q

Perineal

A

Between the anus and the external genitalia

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7
Q

Sacral

A

Posterior region between the hip bones

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8
Q

Scapular

A

Shoulder blade

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9
Q

Vertebral

A

Spine

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10
Q

Axial

A

The axial region includes the head, neck, and trunk running along the vertical axis of the body.

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11
Q

Cephalic

A

Head

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12
Q

Buccal

A

Cheek

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13
Q

Frontal

A

Forehead

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14
Q

Occipital

A

Back of the head

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15
Q

Oral

A

Mouth

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16
Q

Otic

A

Ear

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17
Q

Mental

A

Chin

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18
Q

Nasal

A

Nose

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19
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

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20
Q

Axillary

A

Armpit

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21
Q

Thoracic

A

Chest

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22
Q

Mammary

A

Breast

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23
Q

Sternal

A

Breastbone

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24
Q

Pelvic

A

Pelvis

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25
Q

Inguinal

A

Groin

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26
Q

Pubic

A

Genital

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27
Q

Appendicular

A

The appendicular region includes the limbs (appendages/extremities) arms and legs

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28
Q

Upper limb

A

Arm

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29
Q

Acromial

A

Point/top of the shoulder

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30
Q

Antebrachial

A

Forearm

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31
Q

Antecubital

A

Anterior surface of the elbow

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32
Q

Brachial

A

Arm (upper portion of the upper limb)

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33
Q

Upper brachial

A

Upper portion of the upper limb

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34
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

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35
Q

Digital

A

Fingers or toes

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36
Q

Olecranal

A

Back of the elbow

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37
Q

Palmar

A

Palm of the hand

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38
Q

Lower limb

A

Leg

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39
Q

Coxal

A

Hip

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40
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

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41
Q

Fibular (peroneal)

A

Side of the leg

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42
Q

Patellar

A

Kneecap

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43
Q

Popliteal

A

Back of the knee

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44
Q

Pedal

A

Foot

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45
Q

Calcaneal

A

Heel of the foot

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46
Q

Digital

A

Finger or toes

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47
Q

Plantar

A

Bottom of foot/sole of the foot

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48
Q

Tarsal

A

Ankle

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49
Q

Superior

A

Up, above (axis of the body) vertically

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50
Q

Inferior

A

Below (axis of the body) vertically

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51
Q

Anterior

A

Front (the most forward- face, chest, and abdomen)

52
Q

Posterior

A

Back (towards the backside of the body)

53
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline

54
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline/middle plane

55
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer the trunk or attached end (used to locate various areas of the body limbs or used to indicate regions of internal tubular organs-closer to or farther from the head)

56
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the trunk or point of attachment (used to locate various areas of the body limbs or used to indicate regions of internal tubular organs-closer to or farther from the head)

57
Q

Superficial (external)

A

Toward or at the body surface

58
Q

Deep (internal)

A

Away from the body surface

59
Q

Median (midsagittal)

A

A sagittal plane runs longitudinally and divides the body into right and left parts. If it divides the body into equal parts, right down the midline of the body, it is called a median or midsagittal plane.

60
Q

Frontal (coronal)

A

The frontal plane is a longitudinal plane that divides the body (or an organ) into anterior and posterior parts.

61
Q

Transverse

A

A transverse plane runs horizontally, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts.

62
Q

Large body cavities

A

The axial region of the body has two large cavities that provide different degrees of protection to the organs within them.

63
Q

Posterior cavity/dorsal cavity

A

The dorsal cavity can be subdivided into the cranial cavity and the vertebral (or spinal) cavity.

64
Q

Cranial cavity

A

The cranial cavity lies within the ridged skill and encases the brain. Contains the brain.

65
Q

Vertebral cavity

A

The vertebral (or spinal) cavity runs through the bony vertebral column to enclose the delicate spinal cord.

66
Q

Anterior cavity/ventral cavity

A

The ventral body cavity is subdivided into the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity.

67
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

The superior thoracic cavity is separated from the rest of the ventral cavity by the dome-shaped diaphragm. The heart and lungs are protected by the rib cage. Contains the heart and lungs.

68
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Covers both the right and left lung.

69
Q

Mediastinum cavity

A

Holds your heart and blood vessels surrounds the heart. Contains the heart and other structures in between both of the lungs.

70
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Holds fluid inside the heart it is enclosed between two membranes provides cushioning for the heart

71
Q

Diaphragm

A

This is not a cavity, rather structure that separates Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities.

72
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

The cavity inferior to the diaphram.

73
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

The region that is partially enclosed by the bony pelvis and contains the reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum.

74
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

The area that houses the stomach, intestines, liver, and other organs.

75
Q

Small body cavities

A

Many of these are in the head and most are open to the body exterior.

76
Q

Oral cavity

A

The oral cavity (mouth) contains the tongue and teeth. It is continuous with the rest of the digestive tube, which opens to the exterior at the anus.

77
Q

Nasal cavity

A

Located within and posterior to the nose. the nasal cavity is part of the passages of the respiratory system.

78
Q

Orbital cavity

A

The orbital cavities (orbits) in the skull house the eyes and present them in an anterior position.

79
Q

Middle ear cavity

A

Each middle ear cavity lies just medial to an eardrum and is carved into the bony skull. These cavities contain tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the hearing receptors in the inner ears.

80
Q

Synovial cavity

A

Synovial cavities are joint cavities- they are enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround the freely movable joints of the body, such as those between the vertebrae and the knee and hip joints. Like the serous membranes of the ventral body cavity, membranes lining the synovial cavities secrete a lubricating fluid that reduces friction as the enclosed structures move across one another. In this case joint between neck vertebrae.

81
Q

Serous membranes

A

The walls of the anterior/ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs it contains are covered with a very thin, double-layered membrane called the serosa, or serous membrane.

The lining the abdominal cavity = peritoneum
The serosa enclosing the lungs = pleura
The serosa around the heart = pericardium

82
Q

Parietal layer (parietal serosa)

A

The part of the membrane lining the cavity walls is referred
to as the parietal serosa.

83
Q

Visceral layer (visceral serosa)

A

The visceral serosa covers the external surface of the organs within the cavity.

84
Q

Quadrants

A

RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, and LLQ

85
Q

Left upper quadrant

A

The left upper quadrant contains the spleen and the stomach.

86
Q

Right upper quadrant

A

The right upper quadrant contains the liver and the gallbladder. It also contains part of the ascending colon of the large intestine.

87
Q

Left lower quadrant

A

The left lower quadrant contains the transverse, descending, and sigmoid sections of the colon of the large intestine, part of the small intestine, and part of the urinary bladder.

88
Q

Right lower quadrant

A

The right lower quadrant contains the appendix, the cecum, part of the urinary bladder, the ascending colon of the large intestine, and part of the small intestine.

89
Q

Regions

A

The abdominopelvic region is divided into nine regions.

90
Q

Right hypochondriac region

A

The hypochondriac region is either on the right or left side of the epigastric region. It overlies the lower rib cage. The right hypochondriac region contains the liver and the gallbladder.

91
Q

Epigastric region

A

The epigastric region is superior to the umbilical region and in-between the right and left hypochondriac regions. It contains the stomach.

92
Q

Left hypochondriac region

A

The hypochondriac region is either on the right or left side of the epigastric region. It overlies the lower rib cage. The left hypochondriac region contains diaphragm and the spleen.

93
Q

Right lumbar region

A

The lumbar region is between the ribs and the hips. The lumbar regions are located on the sides of the umbilical region. The right lumbar contains the ascending colon of the large intestine.

94
Q

Umbilical region

A

The umbilical is the centermost region. It contains the small intestine and the transverse colon of the large intestine.

95
Q

Left lumbar region

A

The lumbar region is between the ribs and the hips. The lumbar regions are located on the sides of the umbilical region. The left lumbar contains the descending colon of the large intestine.

96
Q

Right inguinal (iliac) region

A

The inguinal regions are next to the pubic region. The right inguinal region contains the cecum and the appendix.

97
Q

Pubic (hypogastric) region

A

The pubic area is inferior to the umbilical region and in the middle of the right and left inguinal regions. The pubic region contains the urinary bladder.

98
Q

Left inguinal (iliac) region

A

The inguinal regions are next to the pubic region. The left inguinal region contains the initial part of the sigmoid colon.

99
Q

Body

A

The body consists of the arm (neck) and the base

100
Q

Arm (neck)

A
101
Q

Base

A
102
Q

Optics

A

The optics consist of the ocular lens and the objective lens

103
Q

Ocular lens

A
104
Q

Objective lens

A

4, 10, 40, and 100

105
Q

Mechanical

A

Focuses on the nosepiece, stage - stage clip and stage control knob, focus adjustment - coarse focus and fine focus

106
Q

Nosepiece

A

What you use to rotate the objective lens

107
Q

Stage

A

What you put the slide on

108
Q

Stage clip

A

The mechanical stage is used to put the slide in place

109
Q

Stage control knob

A

Adjust the slide front or backwards and side to side

110
Q

Focus adjustment

A

Consists of the coarse focus and the fine focus

111
Q

Coarse focus

A

The bigger knob

112
Q

Fine focus

A

The smaller knob

113
Q

Light

A

The light consists of the light control, condenser, and iris diaphram

114
Q

Light control

A
115
Q

Condenser

A
116
Q

Iris diaphragm

A
117
Q

Microscope use

A

Viewing objects:
Calculating total magnification: TM is equal to the power of the ocular lens multiplied by the power of the objective lens used. Ocular lens is normally 10.

118
Q

Microscope storage and transport

A

Proper transport procedures: hold it in an upright position, with one hand on its arm and the other supporting its base. Do not swing the instrument during its transport or jar the instrument during its transport or jar the instrument when setting it down.
Proper storage procedures: Remove the slide from the stage, rotate the scanning objective lens into position, wrap the cord as directed, and replace the dust cover or return the microscope to the appropriate storage area.

119
Q

Interphase

A

The most common stage. Has the nucleus. Growth and DNA synthesis. During interphase the DNA-containing material is in the form of chromatin.

120
Q

Mitosis

A

Division of the nucleus. The phases of mitosis include prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telephase.

121
Q

Prophase

A
122
Q

Metaphase

A
123
Q

Metaphase plate

A
124
Q

Anaphase

A
125
Q

Telophase

A
126
Q

Cytokinesis

A
127
Q

Cleavage furrow

A

BIO 214 (3 decks)

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