Week 1 Lab Objectives Flashcards
1
Q
Abdominal (abdomen)
A
Located between the ribs and above the hips
2
Q
Umbilical
A
Navel
3
Q
Back (Dorsum)
A
Dorsal
4
Q
Gluteal
A
Buttocks
5
Q
Lumbar
A
Lower back
6
Q
Perineal
A
Between the anus and the external genitalia
7
Q
Sacral
A
Posterior region between the hip bones
8
Q
Scapular
A
Shoulder blade
9
Q
Vertebral
A
Spine
10
Q
Axial
A
The axial region includes the head, neck, and trunk running along the vertical axis of the body.
11
Q
Cephalic
A
Head
12
Q
Buccal
A
Cheek
13
Q
Frontal
A
Forehead
14
Q
Occipital
A
Back of the head
15
Q
Oral
A
Mouth
16
Q
Otic
A
Ear
17
Q
Mental
A
Chin
18
Q
Nasal
A
Nose
19
Q
Cervical
A
Neck
20
Q
Axillary
A
Armpit
21
Q
Thoracic
A
Chest
22
Q
Mammary
A
Breast
23
Q
Sternal
A
Breastbone
24
Q
Pelvic
A
Pelvis
25
Inguinal
Groin
26
Pubic
Genital
27
Appendicular
The appendicular region includes the limbs (appendages/extremities) arms and legs
28
Upper limb
Arm
29
Acromial
Point/top of the shoulder
30
Antebrachial
Forearm
31
Antecubital
Anterior surface of the elbow
32
Brachial
Arm (upper portion of the upper limb)
33
Upper brachial
Upper portion of the upper limb
34
Carpal
Wrist
35
Digital
Fingers or toes
36
Olecranal
Back of the elbow
37
Palmar
Palm of the hand
38
Lower limb
Leg
39
Coxal
Hip
40
Femoral
Thigh
41
Fibular (peroneal)
Side of the leg
42
Patellar
Kneecap
43
Popliteal
Back of the knee
44
Pedal
Foot
45
Calcaneal
Heel of the foot
46
Digital
Finger or toes
47
Plantar
Bottom of foot/sole of the foot
48
Tarsal
Ankle
49
Superior
Up, above (axis of the body) vertically
50
Inferior
Below (axis of the body) vertically
51
Anterior
Front (the most forward- face, chest, and abdomen)
52
Posterior
Back (towards the backside of the body)
53
Medial
Towards the midline
54
Lateral
Away from the midline/middle plane
55
Proximal
Nearer the trunk or attached end (used to locate various areas of the body limbs or used to indicate regions of internal tubular organs-closer to or farther from the head)
56
Distal
Farther from the trunk or point of attachment (used to locate various areas of the body limbs or used to indicate regions of internal tubular organs-closer to or farther from the head)
57
Superficial (external)
Toward or at the body surface
58
Deep (internal)
Away from the body surface
59
Median (midsagittal)
A sagittal plane runs longitudinally and divides the body into right and left parts. If it divides the body into equal parts, right down the midline of the body, it is called a median or midsagittal plane.
60
Frontal (coronal)
The frontal plane is a longitudinal plane that divides the body (or an organ) into anterior and posterior parts.
61
Transverse
A transverse plane runs horizontally, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts.
62
Large body cavities
The axial region of the body has two large cavities that provide different degrees of protection to the organs within them.
63
Posterior cavity/dorsal cavity
The dorsal cavity can be subdivided into the cranial cavity and the vertebral (or spinal) cavity.
64
Cranial cavity
The cranial cavity lies within the ridged skill and encases the brain. Contains the brain.
65
Vertebral cavity
The vertebral (or spinal) cavity runs through the bony vertebral column to enclose the delicate spinal cord.
66
Anterior cavity/ventral cavity
The ventral body cavity is subdivided into the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity.
67
Thoracic cavity
The superior thoracic cavity is separated from the rest of the ventral cavity by the dome-shaped diaphragm. The heart and lungs are protected by the rib cage. Contains the heart and lungs.
68
Pleural cavity
Covers both the right and left lung.
69
Mediastinum cavity
Holds your heart and blood vessels surrounds the heart. Contains the heart and other structures in between both of the lungs.
70
Pericardial cavity
Holds fluid inside the heart it is enclosed between two membranes provides cushioning for the heart
71
Diaphragm
This is not a cavity, rather structure that separates Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities.
72
Abdominopelvic cavity
The cavity inferior to the diaphram.
73
Pelvic cavity
The region that is partially enclosed by the bony pelvis and contains the reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum.
74
Abdominal cavity
The area that houses the stomach, intestines, liver, and other organs.
75
Small body cavities
Many of these are in the head and most are open to the body exterior.
76
Oral cavity
The oral cavity (mouth) contains the tongue and teeth. It is continuous with the rest of the digestive tube, which opens to the exterior at the anus.
77
Nasal cavity
Located within and posterior to the nose. the nasal cavity is part of the passages of the respiratory system.
78
Orbital cavity
The orbital cavities (orbits) in the skull house the eyes and present them in an anterior position.
79
Middle ear cavity
Each middle ear cavity lies just medial to an eardrum and is carved into the bony skull. These cavities contain tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the hearing receptors in the inner ears.
80
Synovial cavity
Synovial cavities are joint cavities- they are enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround the freely movable joints of the body, such as those between the vertebrae and the knee and hip joints. Like the serous membranes of the ventral body cavity, membranes lining the synovial cavities secrete a lubricating fluid that reduces friction as the enclosed structures move across one another. In this case joint between neck vertebrae.
81
Serous membranes
The walls of the anterior/ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs it contains are covered with a very thin, double-layered membrane called the serosa, or serous membrane.
The lining the abdominal cavity = peritoneum
The serosa enclosing the lungs = pleura
The serosa around the heart = pericardium
82
Parietal layer (parietal serosa)
The part of the membrane lining the cavity walls is referred
to as the parietal serosa.
83
Visceral layer (visceral serosa)
The visceral serosa covers the external surface of the organs within the cavity.
84
Quadrants
RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, and LLQ
85
Left upper quadrant
The left upper quadrant contains the spleen and the stomach.
86
Right upper quadrant
The right upper quadrant contains the liver and the gallbladder. It also contains part of the ascending colon of the large intestine.
87
Left lower quadrant
The left lower quadrant contains the transverse, descending, and sigmoid sections of the colon of the large intestine, part of the small intestine, and part of the urinary bladder.
88
Right lower quadrant
The right lower quadrant contains the appendix, the cecum, part of the urinary bladder, the ascending colon of the large intestine, and part of the small intestine.
89
Regions
The abdominopelvic region is divided into nine regions.
90
Right hypochondriac region
The hypochondriac region is either on the right or left side of the epigastric region. It overlies the lower rib cage. The right hypochondriac region contains the liver and the gallbladder.
91
Epigastric region
The epigastric region is superior to the umbilical region and in-between the right and left hypochondriac regions. It contains the stomach.
92
Left hypochondriac region
The hypochondriac region is either on the right or left side of the epigastric region. It overlies the lower rib cage. The left hypochondriac region contains diaphragm and the spleen.
93
Right lumbar region
The lumbar region is between the ribs and the hips. The lumbar regions are located on the sides of the umbilical region. The right lumbar contains the ascending colon of the large intestine.
94
Umbilical region
The umbilical is the centermost region. It contains the small intestine and the transverse colon of the large intestine.
95
Left lumbar region
The lumbar region is between the ribs and the hips. The lumbar regions are located on the sides of the umbilical region. The left lumbar contains the descending colon of the large intestine.
96
Right inguinal (iliac) region
The inguinal regions are next to the pubic region. The right inguinal region contains the cecum and the appendix.
97
Pubic (hypogastric) region
The pubic area is inferior to the umbilical region and in the middle of the right and left inguinal regions. The pubic region contains the urinary bladder.
98
Left inguinal (iliac) region
The inguinal regions are next to the pubic region. The left inguinal region contains the initial part of the sigmoid colon.
99
Body
The body consists of the arm (neck) and the base
100
Arm (neck)
101
Base
102
Optics
The optics consist of the ocular lens and the objective lens
103
Ocular lens
104
Objective lens
4, 10, 40, and 100
105
Mechanical
Focuses on the nosepiece, stage - stage clip and stage control knob, focus adjustment - coarse focus and fine focus
106
Nosepiece
What you use to rotate the objective lens
107
Stage
What you put the slide on
108
Stage clip
The mechanical stage is used to put the slide in place
109
Stage control knob
Adjust the slide front or backwards and side to side
110
Focus adjustment
Consists of the coarse focus and the fine focus
111
Coarse focus
The bigger knob
112
Fine focus
The smaller knob
113
Light
The light consists of the light control, condenser, and iris diaphram
114
Light control
115
Condenser
116
Iris diaphragm
117
Microscope use
Viewing objects:
Calculating total magnification: TM is equal to the power of the ocular lens multiplied by the power of the objective lens used. Ocular lens is normally 10.
118
Microscope storage and transport
Proper transport procedures: hold it in an upright position, with one hand on its arm and the other supporting its base. Do not swing the instrument during its transport or jar the instrument during its transport or jar the instrument when setting it down.
Proper storage procedures: Remove the slide from the stage, rotate the scanning objective lens into position, wrap the cord as directed, and replace the dust cover or return the microscope to the appropriate storage area.
119
Interphase
The most common stage. Has the nucleus. Growth and DNA synthesis. During interphase the DNA-containing material is in the form of chromatin.
120
Mitosis
Division of the nucleus. The phases of mitosis include prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telephase.
121
Prophase
122
Metaphase
123
Metaphase plate
124
Anaphase
125
Telophase
126
Cytokinesis
127
Cleavage furrow
