Week 1- Jan 5

Question 1

What is infection?

Answer 1

When microorganisms capable of producing disease invade the body

Question 2

Identify portals of exit for infectious microorganisms

Answer 2

Bodily fluids,

coughing, sneezing, diarrhea

Question 3

What are modes of transmission of infections?

Answer 3

Direct/indirect contact
droplet (cough,sneeze)
Airborne (air conditioning, sweeping)

Question 4

Identify portals of entry for infectious microorganism

Answer 4

Bite from vector
eyes,nares, mouth,cuts, scrapes, vagina, scrapes
wounds, surrgical sites

Question 5

A susceptible host is

Answer 5

a person with inadequate defense

Question 6

Local infections occur where?

Answer 6

in a limited region in the body

Question 7

How is systemic infection spread? What does it affect?

Answer 7

Systemic infections spread via blood or lymph and affect many regions

Question 8

Acute infection

Answer 8

rapid onset, short duration

Question 9

Chronic infection

Answer 9

slow development, long duration

Question 10

Latent infection

Answer 10

infection present with no discernible symptoms (HIV/AIDS)

Question 11

List 7 factors that increase infection risk

Answer 11

Developmental stage,
breaks in the skin, 
chronic disease, injury
smoking/substance abuse
multiple sex partners
nursing/medical procedures
medications that decrease immune response

Question 12

Exogeneous healthcare related infection

Answer 12

pathogen acquired from healthcare environment

Question 13

endogenous healthcare related infection

Answer 13

normal flora multiply and cause infection as a result of treatement

Question 14

An infection acquired as a result of healthcare is the leading cause of

Answer 14

death

Question 15

Factors that support host defenses are

Answer 15

adequate nutrition
balanced hygiene
rest/exercise
reducing stress
immunization

Question 16

How often should you wash your hands?

Answer 16

When you leave/arrive in a unit
Before/after restroom use
Before/after client contact
Before/after contact with client belongings
Before/after gloving
Before/after eating
Before/after touching your face
When you see visible dirt
After touching a contaminated article

Question 17

How long should you wash your hands?

Answer 17

Remove all jewelry
at least 15 secs nonsurgical
2-6 minutes surgical
clean beneath fingernails

Question 18

Activities of daily living (ADLs)

Answer 18

bathing
showering
combing hair

Question 19

Why is the maintenance of personal hygiene important?

Answer 19

promotes comfort
improves self-image
decreases infection/disease

Question 20

Physical factors that influence hygiene and self care

Answer 20

pain
limited mobility
sensory deficits (decreased independence and increased safety concerns)

Question 21

What are some things to pay close attention to while bathing a patient?

Answer 21

assessment of the integumentary system which includes:
color
conditions that affect the skin (acne)
alterations in skin integrity (pressure ulcers)
assessment of client’s functional abilities and status

Question 22

What tasks can the nurse delegate regarding restraints?

Answer 22

applying and removing the restraints,
skin care,
and checking for skin breakdown

Question 23

How often should a patient have restraints removed?

Answer 23

Every 2 hours

Question 24

The nurse responsible for care of the patient should assess the patient’s need for restraint and

Answer 24

patient’s status,

must evaluate the patient’s response to restraints

Question 25

What is the most common incident reported in the hospital and long term care facilities?

Answer 25

patient falls

Question 26

How often should patients that are confined to bed be turned?

Answer 26

Every 2 hours. Doing so will relieve pressureand protect their skin

Question 27

External pressure from lying or sitting in one position compresses_____ and obstructs_____ flow to the skin

Answer 27

capillaries

blood

Question 28

What does passive ROM promote?

Answer 28

joint mobility

Question 29

Would active ROM be possible for a quadriplegic patient?

Answer 29

No

Question 30

Define passive ROM

Answer 30

involves moving the joints through their ROM when the patient is unable to do so for himself

Question 31

____ injuries are the leading cause of injury among nurses

Answer 31

Back

Question 32

How would you respond to a patient that becomes weak or begins to fall while walking?

Answer 32

Do not attempt to hold the patient up. Protect the patient as you guide her to a seated or lying position. Create a wide base of support, and project forward the hip closest to the patient. Assist the patient to slide down your leg as you call for help. Protect the patient’s head as her body descends.

Question 33

What is a complication seen in bedridden patients due to not maintaining correct body alignment?

Answer 33

plantar flexion contracture,

pressure ulcers

Question 34

When transferred, a patient may develop_____ ______if they have been immobile for several days or longer. They may also be weak or dizzy.

Answer 34

orthostatic hypotension

Question 35

Orthostatic hypotension is

Answer 35

a drop in blood pressure

Question 36

How would the nurse transfer a patient that has been immobile for a few days to reduce the chance a patient may experience orthostatic hypotension? (Step 1)

Answer 36

With patient in supine position, raise the head of the bed 30 degrees; this decreases the amount of work needed by the patient and the nurse to raise the patient to a sitting position. The bed should be in the low position. The patient is turned to face the nurse after the head of the bed is raised 30 degrees.

Question 37

How would the nurse transfer a patient that has been immobile for a few days to reduce the chance a patient may experience orthostatic hypotension? (Step 2)

Answer 37

The patient’s legs are positioned over the edge of the bed after the head of the bed is raised and the patient is turned to face the nurse.Assist patient to apply stable nonskid shoes. Nonskid soles decrease risk of slipping during transfer. Always have patient wear shoes during transfer;

Question 38

Bare feet increase the risk of

Answer 38

falls

Question 39

Why would a nurse use a transfer belt to assist a patient out of bed to a chair?

Answer 39

Transfer belt allows nurse to maintain stability of patient during transfer,
reduces risk for falling,
and provides movement of patient at center of gravity

Question 40

When would a nurse lift the patient by or under arms?

Answer 40

Never

Question 41

When doing ROM exercises, how often should each movement be repeated?

Answer 41

Five times

Question 42

How should the nurse provide support of joints when performing active-assisted or passive ROM exercises?

Answer 42

by holding distal portion of extremity, or using cupped hand to support joint

Question 43

What is the primary purpose of TEDS?

Answer 43

to maintain external pressure on the muscles of the lower extremities and thus promote venous return.They are used to prevent clot formation due to venous stasis.

Question 44

Wrinkling in SCDs lead to

Answer 44

increased pressure and alter circulation

Question 45

Crutches are commonly used when a patient has what type of injury?

Answer 45

lower extremity

Question 46

A cane or a walker is commonly used when a patient has

Answer 46

a lower extremity injury or weakness

Question 47

In long term care, what should the nurse obtain before applying restraints?

Answer 47

informed consent from the client’s family

Question 48

Before the nurse can obtain a prescription for restraints, the provider must perform

Answer 48

a face to face assessment

Question 49

Government standards designate restraints as

Answer 49

prescription only

Question 50

While the client is in restraints,t he nurse notifies the provider after assessing the client if the client displays

Answer 50

clinical indicators of neurovascular impairment

Question 51

What other necessary steps does the nurse take if the client displays clinical indicators of neurovascular impairment?

Answer 51

nurse removes the restraint,
thoroughly assesses the extremities,
and plans nursing care.

Question 52

How long should the nurse rub the antiseptic hand solution?

Answer 52

The nurse should rub the antiseptic hand solution over all surfaces of the hands until the solution dries, usually 10 to 15 seconds, to ensure effectiveness.

Question 53

Why are breaks in skin a problem for bacteria?

Answer 53

Intact skin is the body’s first line of defense against bacteria. Once bacteria enter the body, the inflammatory response, white blood cells, and lymph glands play a role in fighting against the bacteria.

Question 54

What are the important steps in a bed bath?

Answer 54

Bathe in head-to-toe fashion, beginning with the cleanest part of the body and ending with the dirtiest. Provide the patient with a basin of warm water and allow him to wash his perineum when giving an assist bath or bed bath (this is a total bed bath). During a partial bath, cleanse only the areas that may cause odor or discomfort. Never begin the bath with the back, buttocks, and perineum because this violates the principle of “clean to dirty.”
bacteria.

Question 55

What position should you place an unconscious patient for mouth care?

Answer 55

The nurse should position an unconscious patient in a side-lying position to provide mouth care to prevent aspiration

Question 56

What do you use to provide mouthcare to an unconscious patient?

Answer 56

Commercially packaged applicators
or foam swabs are typically
used to provide mouth care

Question 57

Describe how to clean a hearing aid.

Answer 57

The nurse should clean the top part of the canal portion of the hearing aid using the wax-loop and wax brush, cotton-tipped applicator, pipe cleaner, or toothpick. Nothing should be inserted into the hearing aid. The external surfaces are cleaned with a damp cloth.

Question 58

What is the most important way to prevent spread of infection?

Answer 58

Hand hygiene

Question 59

Describe procedure for changing gown of patient with an IV.

Answer 59

If patient has IV line, remove gown from arm without IV first. Then remove gown from arm with IV. Remove IV from pole, and slide IV container and tubing through arm of patient’s gown. Rehang IV container; check flow rate and regulate if necessary.

Question 60

Describe eye care?

Answer 60

Use a separate, clean cotton ball or corner of the washcloth for each eye.

Position patient in supine position. Gently wipe each eye from inner to outer canthus.

Question 61

How do you know if the hearing aid is working?

Answer 61

To determine whether the client can hear clearly using the hearing aid, turn your back to the client and ask a question slowly and clearly in a normal tone of voice.

Question 62

What is the order of removal of isolation equipment?

Answer 62

The gloves are removed first because they are usually the most contaminated PPE and must be removed to avoid contamination of clean areas of the other PPE during their removal. The gown is removed second, then the mask or face shield, and finally, the hair covering.

Question 63

Describe care of specimens in isolation that are sent to lab

Answer 63

Transfer specimen to container without soiling outside of container. Place container in a plastic bag and label the outside of the bag or as per agency policy. Specimens of blood and body fluids are placed in well-constructed containers with secure lids to prevent leaks during transport.

Question 64

What item do you put on first when entering an isolation room?

Answer 64

Apply gown first, making sure that it covers all outer garments. Pull sleeves down to the wrist. Next apply either a surgical mask or a fitted respirator around the mouth and nose.