Week 1 Introduction to Imaging and Data Interpretation ✅ Flashcards
How might you see hypertension on an ECG? How might it present?
Left ventricle hypertrophy
Increased voltage in lateral leads as more electricity when pumping
How might lack of patient mobility affect blood?
Blood circulation less
Protein substances higher as bed bound
Less metabolism
How might a tourniquet affect blood?
Physical restriction
Blood stagnant - clotting
How might difficulty finding a vein affect blood?
Dripping out —> not getting much —> haemolysis.
Bottles contain anticoagulants and needs to be filled quickly
Haemolysis affects potassium so it will be falsely high
High potassium is life threatening
How might medication affect blood?
Bioavailability, rate of metabolism
What is the difference between serum and plasma?
Serum is clear and has no WBC, RBC or clotting factors
Serum + clotting factors = plasma
What is an SST tube?
Serum separating tube
What is an anticoagulant tube?
Plasma as stops clotting factors
What does EDTA tube do?
Has anticoagulant in - stops RBC and platelets
What factors are important to remember when interpreting bloods?
Age
Gender
Metabolism with age
Male vs female hormones
Reference ranges
What is significant about ALP enzyme?
It is an enzyme in bones. High in parts as they are growing but then levels out. If high in adults it could be bone metastases
What is the significance of results on the edge of limits?
?true positives/negatives
What colour does gas appear on an x ray and why?
Black - no absorption
What colour does metal and bone appear on an x ray and why?
White - fully absorbed
What is the purpose of a uteric stent and how do you put it in?
To treat kidney stones as they block kidney drainage
Do via cystoscopy and feed through
What are the advantages of doing an x ray?
Less radiation
Mobile
Confirm procedure correct
Cheap
Fast
Good bone imaging
Readily available
Common interpretation skills
What are the disadvantages of x ray?
2D
Radiation exposure
Static image
Poor for soft tissue
Some people can’t breathe in for the x ray
What is fluoroscopy and what is it good for?
Continuous x ray
Catheterisation
Are you more or less likely to do a CT on an elderly person and why?
More likely as they more likely to have more serious disease
What view is a CT taken from and what kind of plane is the image taken in?
Caudal view
Transverse/axial plane
What are the advantages of CT scan?
Good contrast - IV or oral
Excellent anatomical definition
3D
Fast
Available
What are the disadvantages of a CT scan?
High radiation
Needs interpretation skills - radiologist to do final report
Limited resolution of soft tissue
Static image
Not mobile
How does an MRI work?
Radio frequency pulse changes rotated protons in body to create magnetic field and when the protons spin back it gives an image
H atoms
What are the advantages of MRI?
Good resolution for sport and soft tissue injuries
Any plane
3D
No radiation - safe for children and pregnancy
What are the disadvantages of MRI?
Noisy/loud
Not suitable for those with pacemakers or implants
