Week 1 Introduction Slides

Question 1

4 components that make up Material Science

Answer 1

-Processing
-Structure
-Properties
-Performance

Question 2

The chart flow of Material Science

Answer 2

Micro/Nano Structure……Synthesis/Processing……and Composition all make up the performance-to-cost ratio

Question 3

What is the strength-to-density ratio?

Answer 3

-lightweight for speed, fuel efficiency, ect.
-Ashby plot help determined the suitability for a particular application for a material and its function.

Question 4

Processing, Structure, and Properties general info

Answer 4

-Processing (cooling/heating) affects structure
-Structure effect hardness

Question 5

Properties of Metal

Answer 5

-Strong, ductile
-High thermal and electric conductivity
-opaque and reflective
-why reflective? Because atoms are so tightly packed, light has no space to go through so it reflects back

Question 6

Polymer and Plastics

Answer 6

-covalent bonding (sharing electrons)
-Soft, ductile, low strength, low density
-Thermal and electric insulators (used to protect technology because it will not transport heat/electricity since it is an insulator)
-optically translucent or transparent

Question 7

Ceramic

Answer 7

-Ionic bonding
-compound of metallic and nonmetallic elements
(oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides)
-brittle, glassy, elastic
-non-conductive (insulators)

Question 8

What are the three classifications of materials?

Answer 8

-Metals, Ceramics, and Polymers

Question 9

What six categories to the properties of materials fall into?

Answer 9

-Mechanical
-Electrical
-Thermal
-Magnetic
-Optical
-Deteriorative

Question 10

Mechanical Properties

Answer 10

–Increasing carbon content increases hardness of steel

Question 11

Electrical Properties

Answer 11

-Increasing temperature increases resistivity
-Increasing impurity content increases resistivity
-Deformation increases resistivity

Question 12

Thermal Properties

Answer 12

-Increasing impurity content decreases thermal conductivity
-Highly porous materials are poor conductors of heat (Ceramic Fibers)
-Ex…..Materials used for space shuttle because low thermal conductivity of this material

Question 13

What is Thermal Conductivity?

Answer 13

The measure of the material’s ability to conduct heat

Question 14

Optical Properties

Answer 14

-The light transmittance of some materials depend on their structural characteristics (example is Aluminum Oxide)

-Single crystal: Transparent, uniformly structured

-Multicrystal/polycrystalline: Small grains, translucent, multiple structures

-Polycrystalline material: porosity, not transparent, opaque

Question 15

Metal

Answer 15

an element that has metallic bonding and good strength and electrical conductivity. These
materials can be both brittle or have generally good ductility.

Question 16

Alloy

Answer 16

a metallic material that is obtained by chemical composition of different elements (e.g., steel is
made from iron and carbon).

Question 17

Ceramics

Answer 17

group of crystalline inorganic materials characterized by good compression strength and
high melting temperatures. These materials also have poor electrical conductivity and thermal
insulation properties. They are inherently brittle materials.

Question 18

Polymers

Answer 18

a group of materials typically made by linking small molecular groups into giant molecular
chains or networks. The materials are typically characterized by low strength, and low melting
temperatures. They are inherently ductile materials (e.g., polyethylene).

Question 19

Semiconductors

Answer 19

a group of materials having electrical conductivity between metals and typical
ceramics (e.g., silicon).

Question 20

Glass

Answer 20

an amorphous material derived from the molten state, typically but not always based on silica

Question 21

Grains

Answer 21

crystals in a polycrystalline material

Question 22

Grain Boundaries

Answer 22

regions between grains of a polycrystalline material

Question 23

Structure

Answer 23

description of the arrangements of atoms or ions in a material. The structure influences the properties

Question 24

Synthesis

Answer 24

the process by which materials are made from naturally occurring of chemical processes