Week 1 Introduction Slides Flashcards
4 components that make up Material Science
-Processing
-Structure
-Properties
-Performance
The chart flow of Material Science
Micro/Nano Structure……Synthesis/Processing……and Composition all make up the performance-to-cost ratio
What is the strength-to-density ratio?
-lightweight for speed, fuel efficiency, ect.
-Ashby plot help determined the suitability for a particular application for a material and its function.
Processing, Structure, and Properties general info
-Processing (cooling/heating) affects structure
-Structure effect hardness
Properties of Metal
-Strong, ductile
-High thermal and electric conductivity
-opaque and reflective
-why reflective? Because atoms are so tightly packed, light has no space to go through so it reflects back
Polymer and Plastics
-covalent bonding (sharing electrons)
-Soft, ductile, low strength, low density
-Thermal and electric insulators (used to protect technology because it will not transport heat/electricity since it is an insulator)
-optically translucent or transparent
Ceramic
-Ionic bonding
-compound of metallic and nonmetallic elements
(oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides)
-brittle, glassy, elastic
-non-conductive (insulators)
What are the three classifications of materials?
-Metals, Ceramics, and Polymers
What six categories to the properties of materials fall into?
-Mechanical
-Electrical
-Thermal
-Magnetic
-Optical
-Deteriorative
Mechanical Properties
–Increasing carbon content increases hardness of steel
Electrical Properties
-Increasing temperature increases resistivity
-Increasing impurity content increases resistivity
-Deformation increases resistivity
Thermal Properties
-Increasing impurity content decreases thermal conductivity
-Highly porous materials are poor conductors of heat (Ceramic Fibers)
-Ex…..Materials used for space shuttle because low thermal conductivity of this material
What is Thermal Conductivity?
The measure of the material’s ability to conduct heat
Optical Properties
-The light transmittance of some materials depend on their structural characteristics (example is Aluminum Oxide)
-Single crystal: Transparent, uniformly structured
-Multicrystal/polycrystalline: Small grains, translucent, multiple structures
-Polycrystalline material: porosity, not transparent, opaque
Metal
an element that has metallic bonding and good strength and electrical conductivity. These
materials can be both brittle or have generally good ductility.
Alloy
a metallic material that is obtained by chemical composition of different elements (e.g., steel is
made from iron and carbon).
Ceramics
group of crystalline inorganic materials characterized by good compression strength and
high melting temperatures. These materials also have poor electrical conductivity and thermal
insulation properties. They are inherently brittle materials.
Polymers
a group of materials typically made by linking small molecular groups into giant molecular
chains or networks. The materials are typically characterized by low strength, and low melting
temperatures. They are inherently ductile materials (e.g., polyethylene).
Semiconductors
a group of materials having electrical conductivity between metals and typical
ceramics (e.g., silicon).
Glass
an amorphous material derived from the molten state, typically but not always based on silica
Grains
crystals in a polycrystalline material
Grain Boundaries
regions between grains of a polycrystalline material
Structure
description of the arrangements of atoms or ions in a material. The structure influences the properties
Synthesis
the process by which materials are made from naturally occurring of chemical processes
