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BIOSCI 208 > Week 1 - Introduction, Eukaryotes, Metazoa > Flashcards

Week 1 - Introduction, Eukaryotes, Metazoa Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four main reasons to study invertebrate diversity?

A

Technical, Practical, Aesthetic, Conceptual

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2
Q

How many known phyla are represented in marine environments?

A

30/34

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3
Q

What are the names of the kingdoms in the 5 kingdom system?

A

Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protista, Monera

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4
Q

What are the three major branches in the tree of life in the current system

A

Eukaryota, Eubacteria (Bacteria), Archaea

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5
Q

What are the three organisms discussed in class associated with Archaea

A

Methanotrophic bacteria, thermacidophiles, halophiles

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6
Q

What conditions do Methanotrophic bacteria prefer?

A

Anaerobic; they live in swamps and marshes. They are also used in sewage treatment

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7
Q

What conditions do the extreme Halophiles prefer

A

Saline conditions eg. The Great Salt Lake and The Dean Sea

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8
Q

What pigment found is found in halophiles that cause them to cause a pink scum?

A

Bacteriorhodopsin

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9
Q

What conditions do Thermacidophiles prefer?

A

Hot and acidic conditions (60-80 degrees, 2 - 4 pH). Often in geothermal areas eg. Rotorua

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10
Q

What domain are Cyanobacteria found in?

A

Eubacteria

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11
Q

What are calcerous mounds deposited by Cyanobacteria called?

A

Stromatolites

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12
Q

What is the blue pigment in Cyanobacteria called?

A

Phycocyanin

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13
Q

What is the green pigment in Cyanobacteria called?

A

chl a

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14
Q

What is the main ecosystem service Cynaobacteria are providing?

A

Nitrogen fixing (N2 = Nitrate)

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15
Q

What does LUCA stand for?

A

Last unifying common ancestor

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16
Q

What are protists?

A

A paraphyletic group consisting of those eukaryotes that are not animals, true fungi or green plants

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17
Q

The endosymbiont hypothesis proposes a theory as to how the __________ was formed (fill in the blank)

A

Mitochondria

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18
Q

The endosymbiont hypothesis says that an early eukaryotic cell engulfed what kind of cell in order to create the mitochondria?

A

Pha-photobacteria

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19
Q

In the endosymbiont hypothesis, what type of cell did the mitochondrion bearing eukaryote ingest in order to give rise to chloroplasts?

A

Cyanobacteria

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20
Q

What are the two main uses/services provided by protists?

A

Food/symbionts for invertebrates, Nitrogen/Carbon fixing in oceans

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21
Q

What is the suggested state that the LUCA took?

A

Common ancestral community of primitive cells

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22
Q

The Chromalveolates consist of what type of organisms

A

Eukaryotic organisms that can be photosynthetic or photosynthetic (still contain some residual chloroplasts)

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23
Q

What is the SAR group in the Chromalveolates?

A

Stramenopiles, Alveolates, Rhizaria

24
Q

What is the main characteristic that unifies all Alveolates?

A

A cell surface underlain by a series of abutting sacs or alveoli

25
Q

What are the three main taxa in the Alveolates?

A

Flagellated Dinoflagellates, Parasitic Apicomplexa, Ciliated Cilates

26
Q

How many flagella do the Dinoflagellates have and what type are they

A

2 flagella, horizontal and longitudinal

27
Q

What other organism do Dinoflagellates form a positive symbiont relationship with

A

Coral - when corals bleach it is because they have lost these symbionts

28
Q

What 3 reasons are there for the taxa Dinoflagellates to be ecologically important?

A

zooxanthellae, toxic algal blooms, bioluminescence

29
Q

Zoochlorella are the symbionts for what type of organisms?

A

Freshwater

30
Q

Zooxhanthella are the symbionts for what type of organisms?

A

Radiolarians

31
Q

Symbiodinium are the symbionts for what type of organisms?

A

Hermatypic corals

32
Q

The taxa Apicompleza have what type of form?

A

Apical complex of microtubules

33
Q

The apicomplexa are parasitic on what types of organisms?

A

Invertebrates and Vertebrates

34
Q

Name the example used in the lecture of a parasitic organism in the Apicomplexa that causes considerable harm to humans around the world, and the common name for the blood-borne disease

A

Plasmodium - Malaria

35
Q

What are the Ciliates?

A

Unicellular protists that have cilia which are used for feeding and locomotion

36
Q

What does the S stand for in SAR?

A

Stramenopiles

37
Q

What are three forms that the Stramenopiles can take?

A

Diatoms, Chrysophytes, Brown algae

38
Q

What are the two forms that the Diatoms can take?

A

Pinnate and centric

39
Q

Where are you most likely to see large quantities of Diatoms?

A

During phytoplankton blooms during spring

40
Q

What are the Chrysophytes?

A

Golden algae mainly in FW lakes

41
Q

What are the Phaeophyta

A

Brown seaweeds

42
Q

What type of life cycle does the brown algae have

A

Alternation of generations

43
Q

What does the R stand for in SAR

A

Rhizaria

44
Q

What does the Rhizaria comprise of?

A

Amoebae, flagellates, and amoeboflagellates

45
Q

What is an amoebae?

A

A type of cell or organism that can alter its shape by extending or retracting pseudopods

46
Q

What do ameobae use their Pseudopoida for?

A

Locomotion and feeding

47
Q

What type of skeletons to Radiolaria have?

A

Siliceaous (SiO2)

48
Q

Name the two main types of organisms found in the Radiolaria

A

Radiolaria, Foraminifera

49
Q

What is the job of the psuedopodia in the Foraminifera?

A

Used for food capture. They are extensively branching forming dense networks

50
Q

What do Foraminifera feed on?

A

Otehr protists, small metazoans, fungi, bacteria, organic detritus

51
Q

What is a test? (in terms of biology)

A

The hard shell surrounding body

52
Q

What are the characteristics tests of Forams

A

Organic, agglutinated, calcarous

53
Q

What does Agglutinated mean?

A

Made from material gathered from the environment eg. sand

54
Q

What is the 4th Chromalveolate that does not fall under the SAR group (hint: starts with H)

A

Hacrobia

55
Q

What body forms do the Hacrobia take?

A

Flagellates, amoebae, micro algae, heterotrophs - identified by molecular analysis only

BIOSCI 208 (1 decks)

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