Week 1- Introduction ans NRVs Flashcards
Introduction ans NRVs
Nutritional status
A measurement of the extent to which the individual’s physiologic need for nutrients is being met
Nutrition assessments (4)
- Dietary
- Anthropometric
- Clinical
- Pathological/biochemical
Dietary assessments
- FFQ, 24 hour recall, diet history, food diary
Anthropometric
- Methods – weight, height, waist, skinfolds, MUAMC (mid upper arm muscle circumference)
- Body composition
- Malnutrition
- Sarcopenia
Clinical
- Muscle wasting
- Oedema
- Skin changes (glossitis, angular stomatitis)
Pathological/biochemical
- Plasma / serum
- Erythrocytes / Leukocytes
- Urine
- Faeces
NRVs
Values that outline the level of intake of essential nutrients to be adequate to meet the known nutritional needs of practically all healthy people for prevention of deficiency status
RDI - recommended dietary intake
The average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97–98 per cent) healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group
EAR - estimated average intake
A daily nutrient level estimated to meet the requirements of half the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group
AI - adequate intake
The average daily nutrient intake level based on observed or experimentally-determined approximations or estimates of nutrient intake by a group (or groups) of apparently healthy people that are assumed to be adequate (used when an RDI cannot be determined)
UL - upper limit
The highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population. As intake increases above the UL, the potential risk of adverse effects increases
SDT - suggested dietary targets
The amount of a nutrient required to prevent or reduce the risk of chronic disease
Use of EAR for individuals and groups
Indiv - probability that intake is inadequate
Groups - prevalence of inadequate intakes within groups
Use of RDI for individuals and groups
Indiv - usual intake at or above this level has a low probability of inadequacy
Groups - not used
Use of AI for individuals and groups
Indiv - usual intake at or above this level has a low probability of inadequacy
Groups - level implies a low prevalence of inadequate intakes
Use of UL for individuals and groups
Indiv - usual intake above this level may place and individual at risk of adverse effects from excessive nutrient intake
Group - use to estimate the percentage of the population at potential risk of adverse effects from excessive nutrient intake
Limitations of NRVs
- Based on studies with limited numbers of individuals
- Precise variation in requirements is not known
- May have been extrapolated from one population group to another
Dietary remodelling
To meet the proposed RDI/AI values (except for sodium and vit D) – the average intakes of individuals were:
- 9 serves cereals
- 6 serves veg (including lots of greens)
- 3.5 serves dairy
- 1.7 serves fruits
- 2.3 serves meats
Key foods - LC omega-3, total n3, vit D, vit E
- Fatty fish - sardines, mackeral, tuna, salmon
- Margarine
- Seeds, nuts (walnuts)
- Fetta cheese
Key foods - manganese, phosphorus, magnesium
- Seeds, nuts
- Oat Bran
Key foods - potassium
- Sultanas
- Nuts
Key foods - zinc
- Seeds
- Nuts
- Meat
Key foods - pantothenate
- Seed
- Oat brain
- Fetta cheese
What should NRVs also consider? (4)
- Physical activity level - total energy
- Medications - ability to absorb and use nutrients
- Supplements - absorption can vary through supplementation
- Nutrients interactions - interact in a positive or negative way
