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TM129: Robotics and A.I > Week 1 – Introduction > Flashcards

Week 1 – Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

give 4 definitions in which we could use to define a robot

A

these definitions include:

  • robot
  • mobile
  • autonomous
  • intelligent
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2
Q

this term can be described as:

a device that enables the movement of a robot or other device or machine

A

describe the term

actuator

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3
Q

who were the first researches into neural networks

A

in 1943 the first researches in this field were:

  • Warren S. McCulloch, a neuroscientist
  • Walter Pitts, a logician

together they created a neural model that could perform alculations, however was unable to learn

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4
Q

developed by tommy flowers and others at bletchy park in 1940s

was the first electronic and programmable computer used to decipher the lorenz cipher in WWII

A

what was the

colossus machine

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5
Q

this definition can be summarised as:

a machine that has its own power supply and is able to navigate in 3d space

A

describe the definition

mobile

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6
Q

this term can be described as:

the act of looking to nature in order to build robotic systems or solve human problems

A

describe the term

Biomimetics

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7
Q

this can be described as:

the act of being able to carry out a task automatically although without any free will. The automatic behaviours will be fixed and built in to the machine

note

automatons will express such behaviour

A

describe the term

automatism

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8
Q

this term can be described as:

a system that uses lasers to build a picture of the surrounding environment

A

describe the term

lidar

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9
Q

in 1943 the first researches in this field were:

  • Warren S. McCulloch, a neuroscientist
  • Walter Pitts, a logician

together they created a neural model that could perform alculations, however was unable to learn

A

who were the first researches into neural networks

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10
Q

describe a

microbial fuel cell

A

using bacteria or yeast can metabolise simple foods such as sugar so that small quantities of electricity can be generated

note

eco bot I and II had these and is able to be fed with sugar or dead flies in order to generate electricity

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11
Q

describe the definition

mobile

A

this definition can be summarised as:

a machine that has its own power supply and is able to navigate in 3d space

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12
Q

who was

Charles babbage

A

was an english mathematician and engineer who in 1800s designed the analitycal engine

and because of this is for some regarded as the father of modern computing

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13
Q

this definition can be summarised as:

a machine that can act accordingly to any uncertainty that may be presented to it

A

describe the definition

intelligent

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14
Q

describe the definition

autonomous

A

this definition can be summarised as:

a machine that can carry out its task without any human intervention

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15
Q

this term originates from:

a group of people (often women) who would carry out vast amounts of calculations manually

A

where does the term

computer

orignate from

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16
Q

harnessing the heat from decaying Radioisotope fuel so that electricity can be produced

A

describe

Radioisotope fuel

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17
Q

what was the

colossus machine

A

developed by tommy flowers and others at bletchy park in 1940s

was the first electronic and programmable computer used to decipher the lorenz cipher in WWII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

was an english mathematician and engineer who in 1800s designed the analitycal engine

and because of this is for some regarded as the father of modern computing

A

who was

Charles babbage

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19
Q

this term originates from

the czech word robota which means forced labour or slave

A

where does the term robot originate from

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20
Q

this includes:

  • Used for automation in factories and farming
  • Algorithms can make decisions such as a loan at the bank instead of an actual person making the decision
A

name 2 ways in which

robots are already intergrated into our society

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21
Q

what is the

analytical engine

A

a machine designed by charles babbage that could perform loops and conditional branching

it had a store and a mill which would be memory and a processor

had this been built it would have been the worlds first programmable machine however due to the precision parts and funding needed this was never realised

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22
Q

this term can be described as:

a system that uses radio waves to determine the distance and angles of surrounding objects

A

describe the term

radar

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23
Q

describe an

automaton

A

this can be described as:

a mechanical machine that can carry out a specific task and operates automatically although does not make its own decisions

24
Q

where did the term robot first appear

A

this term first appeared

within a play written by a Czech named Karel Čapek

the play was named RUR standing for Rossum’s Universal Robots

25
Q

an english mathematician and writer who worked with charles babbage on the analytical engine

A

who was

ada lovelace

26
Q

describe the term

Biomimetics

A

this term can be described as:

the act of looking to nature in order to build robotic systems or solve human problems

27
Q

this works in the following way:

  1. receives many electrochemical inputs from other neurons through what are called dendrites
  2. when a threshold is reached the nerve cell fires and a signal is passed to the axon of this (its output)
A

describe how a

neuron receives input and creates output

28
Q

describe

Radioisotope fuel

A

harnessing the heat from decaying Radioisotope fuel so that electricity can be produced

29
Q

this term can be described as:

the process used that organisms keep themselves alive

A

describe the term

Homeostasis

30
Q

these definitions include:

  • robot
  • mobile
  • autonomous
  • intelligent
A

give 4 definitions in which we could use to define a robot

31
Q

where does the term

computer

orignate from

A

this term originates from:

a group of people (often women) who would carry out vast amounts of calculations manually

32
Q

this term can be described as:

a system that uses sound and measures the echoes to build a picture of the environment

A

describe the term

sonar

33
Q

describe the term

lidar

A

this term can be described as:

a system that uses lasers to build a picture of the surrounding environment

34
Q

describe the term

biped

A

this term can be described as:

a machine that moves using two legs

35
Q

this term can be described as:

a machine that moves using two legs

A

describe the term

biped

36
Q

using bacteria or yeast can metabolise simple foods such as sugar so that small quantities of electricity can be generated

note

eco bot I and II had these and is able to be fed with sugar or dead flies in order to generate electricity

A

describe a

microbial fuel cell

37
Q

why is

ada lovelace regarded as the first computer programmer

A

ada lovelace is regarded as this because of her published algorithm for calculating Bernoulli numbers tailored for implementation on a computer

38
Q

describe the term

automatism

A

this can be described as:

the act of being able to carry out a task automatically although without any free will. The automatic behaviours will be fixed and built in to the machine

note

automatons will express such behaviour

39
Q

describe the term

radar

A

this term can be described as:

a system that uses radio waves to determine the distance and angles of surrounding objects

40
Q

describe the definition

intelligent

A

this definition can be summarised as:

a machine that can act accordingly to any uncertainty that may be presented to it

41
Q

this term first appeared

within a play written by a Czech named Karel Čapek

the play was named RUR standing for Rossum’s Universal Robots

A

where did the term robot first appear

42
Q

this definition can be summarised as:

a machine that can carry out its task without any human intervention

A

describe the definition

autonomous

43
Q

describe the term

Homeostasis

A

this term can be described as:

the process used that organisms keep themselves alive

44
Q

describe the term

actuator

A

this term can be described as:

a device that enables the movement of a robot or other device or machine

45
Q

describe a

hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell

A

a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen that causes a chemical reaction so that electricity can be generated

46
Q

a machine designed by charles babbage that could perform loops and conditional branching

it had a store and a mill which would be memory and a processor

had this been built it would have been the worlds first programmable machine however due to the precision parts and funding needed this was never realised

A

what is the

analytical engine

47
Q

a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen that causes a chemical reaction so that electricity can be generated

A

describe a

hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell

48
Q

ada lovelace is regarded as this because of her published algorithm for calculating Bernoulli numbers tailored for implementation on a computer

A

why is

ada lovelace regarded as the first computer programmer

49
Q

this can be described as:

a mechanical machine that can carry out a specific task and operates automatically although does not make its own decisions

A

describe an

automaton

50
Q

where does the term robot originate from

A

this term originates from

the czech word robota which means forced labour or slave

51
Q

describe how a

neuron receives input and creates output

A

this works in the following way:

  1. receives many electrochemical inputs from other neurons through what are called dendrites
  2. when a threshold is reached the nerve cell fires and a signal is passed to the axon of this (its output)
52
Q

who was

ada lovelace

A

an english mathematician and writer who worked with charles babbage on the analytical engine

53
Q

name 2 ways in which

robots are already intergrated into our society

A

this includes:

  • Used for automation in factories and farming
  • Algorithms can make decisions such as a loan at the bank instead of an actual person making the decision
54
Q

describe the definition

robot

A

this definition can be summarised as:

a machine that is able to sense its environment and make decisions based upon what input it has received

55
Q

this definition can be summarised as:

a machine that is able to sense its environment and make decisions based upon what input it has received

A

describe the definition

robot

56
Q

describe the term

sonar

A

this term can be described as:

a system that uses sound and measures the echoes to build a picture of the environment

TM129: Robotics and A.I (5 decks)

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