Week 1 - Intro to Rehab + Stroke Patho & Classification

Question 1

What is the International Classification of Functioning (ICF)?

Answer 1

It is an international system to standardise concepts and terminology across the world

Question 2

What is the ICF Framework?

Answer 2

Question 3

What are the 3 Disablement Concepts + brief description?

Answer 3

1. Body Function and Structures - Impairment Level
   - Reference is purely on function of tissues, organs, and body systems
   - For example, weak quads
2. Activity
   - Focus is on the capacity for an individual to perform basic tasks/actions
   - For example, unable to use stairs
3. Participation
   - Limitations in performance in socio/cultural and physical environments
   - For example, cannot see granddaughter

Question 4

Define Rehabilitation

Answer 4

“A set of interventions designed to optimise functioning and reduce disability in individuals with health conditions in interaction with their environment” - WHO, 2024

Question 5

What are the 3 Levels of Intervention during Rehab?

Answer 5

1. Restorative
   - Restoring ability
2. Compensation
   - Enhancing other characteristics to compensate for loss
3. Adaptation
   - Environmental change to negate disability change

Question 6

What are the 3 Methods of Teamwork?

Answer 6

1. Multidisciplinary
   - Multiple clinicians, isolated goals
2. Interdisciplinary
   - Share goals, performing same activity the same
3. Transdisciplinary
   - Team focuses on specific task together
   - For example, feeding. PT = postural training, OT = adaptive equipment, and SP = swallowing

Question 7

What is Hydrocephalus?

Answer 7

A neurological condition where an increase in CSF volume is found within the ventricles. This s often due to impaired absorption, rarely from excessive secretion.

Note: 500ml/day of CSF is produced

Question 8

Define Stroke

Answer 8

Stroke = the acute loss of local brain function, with neurological signs lasting at least 24 hours or leading to death with no apparent cause other than that of vascular origin

Question 9

Provide time parameters that define the following:

Hyper-acute
Acute
Sub-acute/Post-acute
Chronic

Answer 9

Hyper-acute = 1st few hours
Acute = 1st few days
Sub/Post-acute = 1st 12 weeks
Chronic = 12 weeks +

Question 10

What are the 3 Stroke Sub-types?

Answer 10

• Ischaemic
• Intracerebral Haemorrhage
• Subarachnoid Haemorrhage

Question 11

Define a TIA

Answer 11

A Transient Ischaemic Attack is a rapid development of clinical signs of focal or global disturbance to cerebral function

• Rarely lasts more than an hour
• Often a warning sign before a Stroke

Question 12

What is an Ischaemic Stroke?
What are the two ways it can occur?

Answer 12

An Ischaemic Stroke is where there is inadequate blood supply to a part of the brain. Results from:

An Embolism - blood clot formation which travels via bloodstream to the brain

A Thrombosis - narrowing of blood vessels due to plaque build up

Question 13

What is a Hemorrhagic Stroke?
What are some predisposing factors?

Answer 13

A Hemorrhagic Stroke is cause by a ruptured intracerebral artery

Predisposing factors include:
- Hypertension **
- Coagulation disorders
- Tumours
- Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM)

Question 14

Define TACI
Provide 2x other ways this can be depicted

Answer 14

TACI = A Total Anterior Circulation Infarct
TACH = A Total Anterior Circulation Haemorrhage
TACS = A Total Anterior Circulation Syndrome

Question 15

Define PACI
Provide 2x other ways this can be depicted

Answer 15

PACI = A Partial Anterior Circulation Infarct
PACH = A Partial Anterior Circulation Haemorrhage
PACS = A Partial Anterior Circulation Syndrome

Question 16

Define LACI
Provide 2x other ways this can be depicted

Answer 16

LACI = A Lacunar Artery Circulation Infarct
LACH = A Lacunar Artery Circulation Haemorrhage
LACS = A Lacunar Artery Circulation Syndrome

Question 17

Define POCI
Provide 2x other ways this can be depicted

Answer 17

POCI = A Posterior Circulation Infarct
POCH = A Posterior Circulation Haemorrhage
POCS = A Posterior Circulation Syndrome

Question 18

What is an infarct?

Answer 18

An infarct is an area of necrotic tissue as a result from lack or loss of blood supply

Question 19

What factors assist in Predicting the Outcome of a Stroke?

Answer 19

• Lesion Size
• Prolonged Unconsciousness
• Increased Age
• Servere Hypertension
• Severe Co-Exisiting Disease

Question 20

Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA):
- Origin
- Supplies

Answer 20

ACA originates from the Internal Carotid Artery

ACA supplies:
- Medial Frontal Lobe
- Medial Parietal Lobe

Question 21

Medial Cerebral Artery (MCA)
- Origin
- Supplies

Answer 21

MCA originates from the Internal Carotid Artery

MCA supplies:
- Lateral Hemispheres of the Brain