Week 1- Intro Flashcards
Define health
Health is described as the state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Define society
the aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community
Define culture
the sum of shared ideas, values, beliefs, practices and material objects that people create to make sense of, adapt to and thrive in their environments
Define socialisation
The process by which people learn their culture. They do so by engaging and disengaging from a succession of roles and becoming aware of themselves as they interact with others
Define role
The behaviour expected of a person occupying a particular position in society
Define norms
are generally accepted ways of doing things
Define sociology
the systematic system of human behaviour in social context
What is the bio-medical model of health
utilises medical knowledge in modern western societies, focuses on the physical or biological aspects and the diagnoses or treatment heavily rely on technology
What is the social model of health
health and disease are influenced by a range of social factors. Changing patterns of disease are linked to changes in society
What is the sociological perspective
Structure v agency
analyses the connection between personal experiences and three levels of social structure micro, macro and global structures
Define agency
an individual or collective ability to influence ones own life and to influence society
Define social structure
stable patterns of social relations
Name and Define the three structures with examples
Mircostructure - are patterns of intimate social relations eg families and friendships
Macrostructures- are the pattern of social relations that lie outside and above your circle of intimates and acquaintances e.g classes, bureaucracies and power system
Global structures- are pattern of social relations that lie above the national level e.g international organisations
What is sociological imagination
the quality of mind that enable one to see the connection between personal trouble and social structures
Describe and provide examples of the 4 major theoretical traditions in sociology
Functionalism - focuses on the maintenance of order and cohesion and views society as a few interdependent parts, societies are complete systems and their component parts cannot be viewed in isolation from each other e.g good health and effective healthcare are essential for a society’s ability to function, and it views the physician-patient relationship as hierarchical
Conflict theory- focuses on conflict rather than cohesion and views society as fragmented, emphasising the role of coercion in producing social order e.g emphasises inequality and inequity in the quality of health and in the the quality of health care provided to patients and communities
Symbolic interactionism- focuses on the process of symbolic interaction and the symbolic meanings that people develop e.g health and illness are socially constructed; physical and mental conditions have little or no objective reality but instead are considered healthy or ill conditions only if they are defined as such by a society and its members
Feminism- focuses on challenging gender inequality
Link the sociological theories to personal experiences in society
Functionalism
Identify the key sociologists (8)
Emile Durkheim- structural functionalism C.Wright Mills- Social imagination Karl Marx- conflict theory Max Weber- Protestant ethic Hebert Blumer- symbolic interaction George Ritzer- Conceptualise some social trends as the mcdonaldisation of society Harriet Martineau- Feminist Jane Addams- Feminist
Explain and apply the sociological imagination template
Enables nurses to move beyond common-sense explanations to the development of a more critcal approach to nursing practice
4 levels
Historical- how has history shaped or influence the present world
Cultural- how do cultivable aspects of social organisation impact our lives
Structural- how do particular forms of social organisation affect our lives
Critical- how can exsisting social arrangements be different and how can we improve our social environment
What are the 4 fundamental responsibilities of nurses
to promote health
to prevent illness
to restore health
to alleviate suffering
A working health model includes a balance of
mental, physical and social components
List and describe influences of health
Health sociology focuses on the social patterns of health and illness and seeks social rather than biological or psychological explanations. Background info - Culture - Resources - systems - policies - wealth - media - social cohesion - landscape - climate -chemical - human made
Socioeconomic characteristics
- Educatiom
- employment
- income
- family
- neighbourhood
- access to services
- other
Health behaviours diet exercise tabacco and alcohol use drugs vaccincation status sexual practice psychological effects safety factors
Biomedical factors weight bp blood cholesterol glucose tolernance immune status
individual makeup (genetics, inter-generational, ageing, life course)
= Individual and population health
Describe 5 differences of the biomedical and social model of health
Focus
Bio med
* individual focus- acute treatment of ill individuals
* Clinical services, health education, immunisation
Social
- Societal focus- living and working conditions that affect health
- Public health infrastructure and legislation, social services, community action, equity and access issues
Key indicators of illness
Bio med
* individual pathology
* hereditary/genetic factors, sex, age
Social
- Social inequity
- Social groups; class, gender, race, ethnicity, age, occupation, unemployment
Cause of illness bio med * gene defects and micro- organisms (viruses, bacteria) * trauma * behaviour
social
- political/economic factors ; distrubution of wealth/income/power, poverty, level of social services
- employment factors; access paid to work, educational opportunities, stressful and dangerous work
- Cultural factors; values, customs , prejudice and discrimination
Goals
Biomed
* Cure disease, limit disability, and reduce risk factors to prevent disease in individuals
Social
* Prevent illness and reduce health inequities to aim for an equality of health outcomes
Benefits
Biomed
* addresses disease and disability of individuals
* prevention of disease through immunisation
Social
- Addresses social determinants of health and illness
- Identifies policy solutions to prevent disease through interventions beyond the health system
