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Neuro Anatomy > Week 1 - Internal Features and Vasculature > Flashcards

Week 1 - Internal Features and Vasculature Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 2 paired arteries responsible for blood supply to brain?

A

Vertebral arteries
Internal carotid arteries

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2
Q

What is the circle of Willis?

A

Joining area for internal carotid and vertebral arteries

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3
Q

What is artery is number 1?

A

Middle cerebral artery

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4
Q

What is number 2?

A

Anterior communicating artery

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5
Q

What is number 3?

A

Anterior cerebral artery

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6
Q

What is number 4?

A

Ophthalmic artery

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7
Q

What is number 6?

A

Posterior cerebral artery

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8
Q

What is number 8?

A

Basilar artery

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9
Q

What is number 9?

A

Anterior inferior cerebral artery

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10
Q

What is number 10?

A

Vertebral arteries

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11
Q

What is number 11?

A

Posterior inferior cerebral artery

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12
Q

What is number 12?

A

Anterior spinal artery

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13
Q

What is number 13?

A

Pontine artery

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14
Q

What is number 14?

A

Posterior communicating artery

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15
Q

What is number 15?

A

Internal carotid artery

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16
Q

From which arteries does the left and right vertebral arteries arise from?

A

Subclavian arteries

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17
Q

What level do left and right ICAs arise?

A

C4

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18
Q

How is the basilar artery formed?

A

Union of vertebral arteries at pontomedullary junction of brainstem

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19
Q

What does the posterior communicating artery join?

A

Internal carotid arteries to posterior cerebral arteries

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20
Q

What does anterior communicating arteries join?

A

Links the anterior cerebral arteries together

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21
Q

What fissure does anterior and middle cerebral artery lie?

A

Anterior - median longitudinal fissure
Middle - lateral sylvian fissure

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22
Q

Where does the posterior cerebral artery groove?

A

Basilar groove

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23
Q

What cerebral arteries supply primary motor and sensory area/cortex?

A

Anterior and middle

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24
Q

What cerebral artery supplies primary visual cortex?

A

Posterior

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25
What cerebral artery supplies the primary auditory area?
Middle
26
What cerebral artery supplies the area of olfaction?
Middle
27
Which parts of the brain does the vertebral arteries supply?
Cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, cerebellum and interior of cerebrum
28
Which parts of the brain does basilar artery supply?
Gives 2 posterior cerebral arteries supplying temporal and occipital lobes
29
Which cranial nerve emerges just above the superior cerebellar artery?
Oculomotor nerve
30
What cerebral artery runs immediately superior to superior cerebellar arteries?
Posterior cerebral artery
31
What can aneurysm of posterior cerebral artery cause?
Palsy of cranial nerve III emerging just below Means there can be eye misalignment, drooping eyelid, enlarged pupil, double vision, limited eye movement
32
Describe the carotid sinus
Dilatation located on terminal part of the common carotid artery It is a pressure receptor which monitors flow of blood from head, including brain Sensory nerves from here run in glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve
33
Describe the carotid body
Area on posterior wall of terminal part of common carotid artery in neck Contains chemoreceptors - sensitive to low O2 levels.
34
What does detection of anoxia by carotid body cause?
Increased heart rate, respiration rate and blood pressure
35
Where are the sympathetic motor nerves from superior cervical ganglion?
Plexus around the internal carotid artery Enters skull with ICA through carotid canal and continues along main branches of ICA
36
Where are venous sinuses?
Between periosteum and cranial dura
37
What can the cerebral veins be divided into?
Superficial and deep Deep - great cerebral vein
38
What are some of the main sinuses of brain?
Superior and inferior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, occipital sinus, transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus, inferior petrosal sinus, cavernous sinus
39
What vein in neck does the venous sinuses drain into?
IJV
40
What is different about the veins in brain and cranial venous sinuses?
No valves to prevent the backflow of blood Also can be a potential route of infection
41
Where does the superior ophthalmic vein drain into?
Cavernous sinus
42
Describe emissary veins
Small veins connecting cranial venous sinuses with the diploe of the skull containing blood vessels of bone marrow Continuous with veins in superficial fascia of outer part of skull and scalp
43
What connects the inferior petrosal sinuses?
By left and right basilar sinuses
44
What veins drain into the cavernous sinus?
Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins, middle meningeal, hypophyseal and superficial middle cerebral vein
45
What nerves pass through the cavernous sinus?
Oculomotor Ophthalmic Abducent Maxillary
46
What artery pass through the cavernous sinus?
Internal carotid artery
47
What is the included in the blood supply of the spinal cord?
3 longitudinally running spinal arteries - 1 anterior and 2 posterior And multiple segmental spinal arteries
48
Branches of which arteries fuse to form the anterior and posterior spinal arteries?
Vertebral artery
49
Describe the venous drainage of the spinal cord
Anterior and posterior spinal veins communicate freely and join the internal vertebral venous plexus lying in epidural space Communicates with dural sinuses and veins in skull
50
What fluid is in the subarachnoid space?
CSF
51
What structures does the falx cerebri separate?
Left and right cerebral hemispheres
52
What bony structure does the falx cerebri attach to anteriorly?
Crista galli on ethmoid bone
53
Which venous sinuses make the upper and lower border of the falx cerebri?
Upper - superior Lower - inferior sagittal sinus
54
What structures lie on either side of the tentorium cerebelli?
Occipital lobe superiorly and cerebellum inferiorly
55
What bony points does the anterior edge of tentorium cerebelli attach to?
Anterior clinoid processes
56
What venous sinus runs along attachment of 2 cerebellar hemispheres?
Straight sinus
57
What fold of dura surrounds the pituitary stalk?
Sellar diaphragm
58
What fold of dura separates the 2 cerebellar hemispheres?
Falx cerebelli
59
Describe the arterial supply of the dura mater
Branches of numerous arteries including ICA, ECA and vertebral arteries Important - middle meningeal artery, branch of maxillary artery - ECA
60
What are the 2 main branches of the ECA?
Splits into superficial temporal and maxillary in parotid gland
61
What are ventricles in the brain?
They are interconnected spaces/ cavities within the brain Central canal is continuous with ventricular system of the brain
62
What embryological structure is the ventricles from?
Lumen if neural tube
63
What are the parts of the lateral ventricle?
Anterior, posterior and inferior horns Body
64
What are the ventricles of the brain?
Lateral ventricle Interventricular foramen 3rd ventricle Cerebral aqueduct 4th ventricle
65
What specialised structures in ventricles generate CSF?
Choroid plexus by ependymal cells
66
How does CSF pass into subarachnoid space from 4th ventricle?
Foramina of Luschka and Magendle to enter cisterns
67
Which location is CSF reabsorbed back into general circulation?
Into dural sinuses through arachnoid villi

Neuro Anatomy (4 decks)

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