WEEK 1: Illumination Flashcards
List the Modes of Transmission
- Physical Contact (Direct - tissue/fluid to tissue) or Indirect (fomite)
- Droplet (particles greater than 5 microns, coughing sneezing)
- Airborne (particles smallers than 5 microns - talking, coughing, sneezing)
- Other (Contaminated water, equipment, medication, food etc)
List 3 Communicable Diseases
- HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
- HEPATITIS
- TUBERCULOSIS
- MEASLES
- MUMPS
- RUBELLA
- HERPES SIMPLEX
- VARICELLA ZOSTER (CHICKEN POX, SHINGLES)
- MONONUCLEOSIS (GLANDULAR FEVER)
- INFLUENZA
- COVID-19
What are some recommendation for infection control in optomerty?
PATIENTS WITH SHORT-TERM INFECTIOUS AGENTS SHOULD BE ASKED TO RESCHEDULE
(INFLUENZA, COLDS) ESPECIALLY IF THEIR EYE EXAM IS NOT URGENT
• Clean and disinfect equipment between patient
What are some standard precaution that should be taken to ensure infection control ?
- HAND HYGIENE
- PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
- DISPOSAL OF SHARPS
- ROUTINE CLEANING ENVIRONMENT
- REPROCESSING OF REUSABLE MEDICAL EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTS
- WASTE MANAGEMENT
- RESPIRATORY HYGIENE
What are the 5 moments of Hand hygience?
1. BEFORE TOUCHING A PATIENT • PROTECT THE PATIENT 2. BEFORE A PROCEDURE • PROTECT THE PATIENT 3. AFTER A PROCEDURE OR BODY FLUID EXPOSURE RISK • PROTECT YOURSELF AND THE ENVIRONMENT 4. AFTER TOUCHING A PATIENT • PROTECT YOURSELF AND THE ENVIRONMENT 5. AFTER TOUCHING A PATIENTS SURROUNDINGS • PROTECT YOURSELF AND THE ENVIRONMENT
List 3 high risk procedures in office
- REMOVAL OF FB
- ASSESSMENT OF PATIENTS WHO PRESENT WITH CONDITIONS THAT
CAN BE SPREAD BY DROPLET OR AEROSOL (INFLUENZA) - ASSESSMENT OF PATIENTS WHO VOMIT OR ARE INCONTINENT
- ASSESSMENT OF PATIENTS WITH OCULAR TRAUMA
- ASSESSMENT OF PATIENTS WITH INFECTIOUS CONJUNCTIVITIS
- ASSESSMENT OF PATIENTS WITH MICROBIAL KERATITIS
- LACRIMAL LAVAGE, REMOVAL OF LASHES
- EXPRESSION OF GLANDS AND CYSTS
- CONTACT LENS FITTING
- EPITHELIAL DEBRIDEMENT
What is the definition of cleaning?
1st stage of reprocessing, involved removing foreign material from a surface, usually use detergent water and physical action
What is the definition of disinfeciton?
Inactivates non-sporing infectious agents using thermal or chemical means
What is the definition of sterilisation?
Destroys all micro-organisms on the surface of instruments
What do you use to disinfect in applanation tonometry and gonioscopy?
1:10 DILUTE BLEACH, OR TRISTEL DUO RECOMMENDED FOR APPLANATION TONOMETERS
What is the set up for diffuse Illumination?
- Broad beam of light, spread by diffusing filter.
- 30 - 45 degree
- wide open slit width
- low to med mag
- diffusing filter
- mid to high illumination
good for: anterior eye, palpebral conjunctiva and tears, lens fitting
What is the set up for Direct Illumination?
- 30 - 45 degree
- med to high illumination
- slit beam : optic section or parallelpiped
Good for:
Optic Section: corneal thickness, corneal layers, depth of epithelial damage or foreign boyd
Parallelepiped: corneal stroma, striae and folds, endothelium (deposits)
What is the set up for Indirect illumination?
- 30 - 45 angle
- moderate beam width
- begin with moderate magnification
- slit beam can be offset
Good for: corneal microcysts, vacuoles, corneal infiltrates
What is the set up for Retro Illumination?
- vary the angle
- slit beam can be offset
- parallelepiped is most often used
- direct or indirect observation
Good for: Cornea (vascularisation, edema, microcysts, vacuoles, infiltrates) iris (transillumination defects), lens, contact lens
What is the set up for Specular reflection?
- 60 degrees (or slightly less)
- parallelepiped
- move illumination arm until bright reflex is observed
- angle of incidence = angle of reflection
Good for: Individual features of the endothelium, tear lip layer, contact lens surface
