Week 1 - ICC and SEP

Question 1

What is ICC? (Intercultural Communication)

Answer 1

When cultural factors effect the way in which we communicate.

Question 2

Who’s the theorist that speaks on ICC?

Answer 2

Ting-Toomey and Chung, 2012)

Question 3

What does Ting-Toomey and Chung say about ICC?

Answer 3

“Intercultural communication takes place when cultural group membership factors affect our communication process”

Question 4

Who notes the difference between ICC and CCC?

Answer 4

Jackson (2014)

Question 5

What does Jackson say is different between ICC and CCC?

Answer 5

ICC: Looking at interpersonal interaction when contact occurs between people of diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds.

CCC: Contrasting and comparing communicative behaviours between cultures.

Question 6

Who was Georg Simmel?

Answer 6

A German Sociologist.

Question 7

What did Georg Simmel believe?

Answer 7

He believed that he was part of a system, but didn’t feel connected or part of the community.

Question 8

What community did Georg Simmel feel he didn’t belong too, but was apart of?

Answer 8

The German Community, which at the time was mostly Anti-Semitic.

Question 9

What theorist can be used to describe what Georg Simmel believed?

Answer 9

Lui Volcic and Gallois

Question 10

What did Lui Volcic and Gallois say about Georg Simmel?

Answer 10

They came up with the notion Der Fremde (A stranger)

“A member of a system, but not strongly attached to it or accepted by other members.”

Question 11

When did ICC begin?

Answer 11

Post-WWII - UN, World Banks etc.

This gave lots of opportunity for ICC.

Question 12

Who coined the term ICC?

Answer 12

David T. Hall - Anthropologist.

Question 13

Why did David T. Hall coin the word ICC?

Answer 13

He recognised the need for communication not only within but also between cultures

Question 14

Who developed the concept of ‘Social Distance”?

Answer 14

Robert E. Park - American Sociologist.

Question 15

What is Social Distance and how was it tested?

Answer 15

Robert E. Park used the Social Distance scale framework.

Question 16

What is the social distance scale?

Answer 16

Asking questions based on how close the social distance was between people of different cultures:
“Would you marry blank as a neighbour* (Italian, Spanish etc.)

Question 17

What is the Symbolic Exchange Process of ICC?

Answer 17

The way in which two individuals from different cultural communities attempt to negotiate a deal.

Question 18

What happened when CCC first grew post-world war II that was fairly detrimental?

Answer 18

A lot of money was wasted, as investments were made, but lack of cultural knowledge triggered lack of cross-cultueral communication, thus failure of investment.

Question 19

What aspects make up the Symbolic Exchange Process of ICC?

Answer 19

Verbal communication:
Arbitrary Cues - moving mouth for sounds to come out.
Resemblance relationship - The resemblance between what it looks like they’re saying and what they’re actually saying.

Non-verbal communication:
Discrete cues - Tone of voice
Continuous cues - Body movements in order to engage, or analyse what someone is saying.

Question 20

Who conducted the ‘Symbolic Exchange Process”

Answer 20

Ting-Toomey and Chung

Question 21

What are some barriers for Tim-Toomey and Chungs “Symbolic Exchange Process.”

Answer 21

“… to negotiate shared meanings.”

: How can we negotiate shared meanings when a culture is so different? ie: lunch times for Spain, England, France etc.

: Meaning is not ‘single-layered.”

Question 22

What did Tim-Toomey and chung mean with meaning not being: “single-layered.” ?
(ADVANCED)

Answer 22

: Locution vs. Illocution

: Denotive vs. connotative

Question 23

What is sociopragmatic failure?

Answer 23

You fail to meet the norms of a culture.

Question 24

Why bother with ICC? Write the TWO examples:

Answer 24

• Global Workforce Heterogeneity

- Domestic Workforce Diversity

Question 25

What is Global Workforce Heterogeneity? (GWH)

Answer 25

Global Workforce Heterogeneity:

• US corporations spend around 25 billion a year on relocating to other places (globally)
• However, due to lack of cultural knowledge, 20% of these workers return.

Question 26

What is Domestic Workforce Diversity? (DWD)

Answer 26

Domestic Workforce Diversity:

- You have to adapt to a changing demographic in order to make GWH a success.

Question 27

What is Political Landscapes?

Answer 27

The rising influence of the media, cultural beliefs and views which will ultimately change communication.

Question 28

A summary of ICC - why bother? Remember some bullet points to help in exam:

Answer 28

• Globalisation
• Development of Technology
• Conflict and Peace
• Changing demographics