Week 1 - ICC and SEP Flashcards
What is ICC? (Intercultural Communication)
When cultural factors effect the way in which we communicate.
Who’s the theorist that speaks on ICC?
Ting-Toomey and Chung, 2012)
What does Ting-Toomey and Chung say about ICC?
“Intercultural communication takes place when cultural group membership factors affect our communication process”
Who notes the difference between ICC and CCC?
Jackson (2014)
What does Jackson say is different between ICC and CCC?
ICC: Looking at interpersonal interaction when contact occurs between people of diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds.
CCC: Contrasting and comparing communicative behaviours between cultures.
Who was Georg Simmel?
A German Sociologist.
What did Georg Simmel believe?
He believed that he was part of a system, but didn’t feel connected or part of the community.
What community did Georg Simmel feel he didn’t belong too, but was apart of?
The German Community, which at the time was mostly Anti-Semitic.
What theorist can be used to describe what Georg Simmel believed?
Lui Volcic and Gallois
What did Lui Volcic and Gallois say about Georg Simmel?
They came up with the notion Der Fremde (A stranger)
“A member of a system, but not strongly attached to it or accepted by other members.”
When did ICC begin?
Post-WWII - UN, World Banks etc.
This gave lots of opportunity for ICC.
Who coined the term ICC?
David T. Hall - Anthropologist.
Why did David T. Hall coin the word ICC?
He recognised the need for communication not only within but also between cultures
Who developed the concept of ‘Social Distance”?
Robert E. Park - American Sociologist.
What is Social Distance and how was it tested?
Robert E. Park used the Social Distance scale framework.
What is the social distance scale?
Asking questions based on how close the social distance was between people of different cultures:
“Would you marry blank as a neighbour* (Italian, Spanish etc.)
What is the Symbolic Exchange Process of ICC?
The way in which two individuals from different cultural communities attempt to negotiate a deal.
What happened when CCC first grew post-world war II that was fairly detrimental?
A lot of money was wasted, as investments were made, but lack of cultural knowledge triggered lack of cross-cultueral communication, thus failure of investment.
What aspects make up the Symbolic Exchange Process of ICC?
Verbal communication:
Arbitrary Cues - moving mouth for sounds to come out.
Resemblance relationship - The resemblance between what it looks like they’re saying and what they’re actually saying.
Non-verbal communication:
Discrete cues - Tone of voice
Continuous cues - Body movements in order to engage, or analyse what someone is saying.
Who conducted the ‘Symbolic Exchange Process”
Ting-Toomey and Chung
What are some barriers for Tim-Toomey and Chungs “Symbolic Exchange Process.”
“… to negotiate shared meanings.”
: How can we negotiate shared meanings when a culture is so different? ie: lunch times for Spain, England, France etc.
: Meaning is not ‘single-layered.”
What did Tim-Toomey and chung mean with meaning not being: “single-layered.” ?
(ADVANCED)
: Locution vs. Illocution
: Denotive vs. connotative
What is sociopragmatic failure?
You fail to meet the norms of a culture.
Why bother with ICC? Write the TWO examples:
- Global Workforce Heterogeneity
- Domestic Workforce Diversity
