Week 1 Histology Flashcards
Name the basic parts of a cell.
- Nucleus
- Nucleolus
- Nuclear pores
- Mitochondria
- Rough, smooth ER
- Golgi
- Vesicles
- Lysosomes
- Cytoplasm
- Microtubules
Define tissues.
Identify between parenchyma and stroma, giving examples.
A group of cells working together to carry out one function.
Parenchyma: what is working (i.e. hepatocytes)
Stroma: provides structure and nutrition necessary for parenchyma.
Both are necessary in order to have functioning tissues.
Define organs.
Group of tissues forming a recognisable structure.
Describe the most common staining process.
- Fixation (freezing/ chemical to kill tissue)
- Embedding (tissue put in wax, chemicals dissolve fat)
- Sectioning (tissues are sectioned)
- Staining (using different dyes)
Distinguish between orthochromasy and metachromasy.
Orthochromasy: original color is displayed after staining tissue
Metachromasy: a different color is displayed after staining (i.e. blue –> purple)
What is the nature of HE (Haematoxylin-Eosin)
Hematoxylin: Basic dye. Positive charge. It stains acidic structures.
Eosin: Acidic dye. Anionic (negative charge).
Is the nuclei basic/ acidic?
Acidic. (stains blue with HE dye)
What is the nature of ECM and cytoplasm?
Basic. (stains pink with HE dye)
What color does Masson/ Azan stain the nuclei, collagen, BM, mucin, muscle and RBC?
Nuclei: bright red
Collagen, BM, mucin: blue
Muscle and RBC: orangey red
What type of dye is best for carbohydrates and cartilage?
Alcian Blue dye.
What is Masson’s trichrome a good dye for?
To highlight collagen fibres/ muscle fibres.
What is the nature of toluidine blue?
Basic. It stains nucleic acids blue, polysaccharides purple, increases sharpness of histology slide images.
Define sectioning.
The cutting of tissues to select material for histopathological examination.
What are the two types of epithelia.
Covering and Glandular epithelia.
Differentiate between endocrine and exocrine glands.
Endocrine glands secrete substance (hormones) directly into bloodstream. Exocrine glands secrete substances into ducts that lead to target tissue.
