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Histology - FALL 2020 > WEEK 1 - HISTO OVERVIEW > Flashcards

WEEK 1 - HISTO OVERVIEW Flashcards

1
Q

Within the Extracellular Matrix, which key player has highly developed in ECM?

A

Connective Tissue

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2
Q

Where does the Mesoderm layer locate in? what does it do? What does this layer consists of?

A

a) Middle layer b/w ecto- and endo-
b) develops mesenchyme
c) - connective tissues
- muscle tissue
- mesothelium (epithelium of serous membranes, lines of body cavities)
- endothelium (epithelium, lines blood vessels, heart, lymphatics)

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3
Q

Where does the layer endoderm locate? what does it develop? What are the 4 tracts that are involve?

A
  • inner layer, deep layer
  • develop epithelium of mucous membrane
  • 4 tracts of epithelial lining deep internal tube:
    (1) digestive tract
    (2) respiratory tract
    (3) urinary tract
    (4) reproductive tract
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4
Q

Where does Ectoderm locate? What does this layer consist of?

A
  • outer portion of the skin
  • epidermis. consists of cutaneous membrane
  • nervous tissue
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5
Q

What type of glycoprotein is rich in carbohydrate? Which consists of? What’s the percentage?

A

proteoglycans that has a protein core with various GAGs. 95%

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6
Q

What type of glycoprotein consists of total protein in body? Percentage?

A

collagen, 50%

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7
Q

What tissue contains in young girls? Puberty?

A
  • young: simple cuboidal epithelium

- puberty: stratified squamos epithelium for intercourse and childbirth

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8
Q

What is the tissue for smokers? What does the tissue turn out to be when it is irritated by smoking?

A
  • normal: pseudostratified columnar epithelium

- irritatation: stratified squamos epithelium

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9
Q

What is the purpose of Connective Tissue? Which matrix does it support?

A

cells that support other tissues with extracellular matrix

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10
Q

What is necrosis?

A

premature, patholoigcal death of tissue due to trauma, toxins, and infection

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11
Q

What does the gylcoprotein, fibronectins, attach to?

A

cell to ECM collagen and proteoglycans. Bind with the integrin proteins

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12
Q

What does Seepage do?

A
  • occurs during inflammation of skin repair

- allows WBC, antibodies, clotting proteins to seep in

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13
Q

what does anaplasia develop? what are its two types?

A

development of a tumor. Composed of abnormal and undiifferentiated tissue.

types:

  • benign: noninvasive (semi-diff cells)
  • malignant: invasive, cancerous, metastatic
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14
Q

What are the 4 types of Necreosis? What kind of description?

A
  • gangrene: necrosis due to insufficient blood supply
  • infarction: suddent death of tissue
  • decubitus ulcers: bed sores cause a lack of blood supply, due to continiuous pressure on skin
  • blebbing: bubbling of cell membranes, cells swep and rupture
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15
Q

What are the 4 old classification systems?

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

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16
Q

What are the 3 primary layers for Embryonic Tissues?

A
  • Ectoderm
  • Mesoderm
  • Endoterm
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17
Q

What are the 2 types of atrophy? What caused their characteristic?

A

1) senile atrophy: due to aging

2) disuse atrophy: due to lack of exercise

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18
Q

The poorest area to regenerate for tissue are:

A

skeletal muscle, cartilage, dense CT

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19
Q

The highest regenerative area for tissue repair are:

A

EPI tissues, bone, neuroglia, smooth muscle, loose CT

20
Q

Structural levels of Organizations:

A

atoms > molecules > cells > tissues > organs > organ systems > organism

21
Q

None of these areas generate tissue repair are:

A

cardiac muscle, neurons in nervous tissue

22
Q

New Classification system: immune cells

A

blood cells

23
Q

New Classification system: hormone-secreting cells

A

nerve cells, epithelial cells

24
Q

New Classification system: contractile cells

A

supporting cells, epithelial cells

25
Q

Nasal mucosa tissue? Unblocked nostril changes?

A
  • pseudostratified columnar epithelium

- unblocked nostril changes to stratified squamous epithelium

26
Q

most organs are derived from…primary germ layers

A

> 2

27
Q

Metaplasia definition? examples of metaplasia?

A
  • definition: change from one type of mature tissue to another
  • vaginal tissue
  • nasal mucosa
  • smokers
28
Q

In an inflammation phase of skin repair, the term _____(1) makes the capillaries _____(2), allowing permeability to increase to _____(3) to seep into the injured area

A

(1) histamine
(2) dilate
(3) WBC, proteins, and antibodies

29
Q

hypertrophy

A

cells become enlarged through exercise

30
Q

hyperplasia? which part of life grows in? what about in adults?

A

tissue growth through cell multiplication.

  • typical of embryonic and childhood growth
  • in adults this can lead dysplasia, metaplasia, and anaplasia
31
Q

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

  • outside cells of primary tissues that made of ______ (1)
  • fluids: ______ (2)
A

(1) ground substance

(2) tissue fluid/gel, extracellular fluid, interstitial fluid

32
Q

During the process of skin reparation, what does these specific characters do?

  • blood capillaries -> _____ (1)
  • macrophage -> ________ (2)
  • fibroblasts -> _______ (3)
  • epithelium -> _______ (4)
A

(1) start to enter
(2) digest and remove clot
(3) make collagen fibers to scar tissues
(4) regenerates

33
Q

During skin repair, what components are involved in skin repair?

A
  • histamine, seepage, clotting/scabbing
34
Q

Difference b/w regeneration and fibrosis?

A

Regeneration: destroyed tissue REPLACED with same tissue type

Fibrosis: replacement of damage tissue with SCAR TISSUE in severe cuts, burns, muscle injury, and Tuberculosis in lungs

35
Q

characteristics of nervous tissue? what are its features?

A
  • cells that conduct impulses for control of other cells
  • neurons: cell impulse conduction
  • neuroglia: neuron support cells
36
Q

characteristics of muscle tissue?

A
  • contractile properties for body movement
  • skeletal m: voluntary movement
  • smooth m: involuntary movement
  • cardiac m: circulatory movement
37
Q

characteristics of epithelial tissue?

A
  • cells that form sheets to protect and secrete
  • coverings: cutaneous membrane
  • linings: serous and mucous membranes
  • solid glands: secreting the glands
38
Q

characteristics of CT?

A
  • cells that support other tissues with ECM
  • CT proper: traditional CTs
  • cartilage: CT intermediate with CT proper and bone
  • bone: CT in solid ECM
  • blood: CT in fluid ECM
39
Q

apotosis? what are its features?

A
  • programmed cell death to control cell populations

features:

  • fas receptor protein
  • growth factor
  • digit webbing
  • ear lobes
40
Q

fas receptor protein

A

binds to extracellular suicide signal, which activates intracellular enzymes to destroy cell

41
Q

What are the tissue development and pathology?

A

Differentiation, dysplasia, metaplasia,

42
Q

What does differentiation do?

A

Develops unspecialized tissue to a tissue that is more specialized (differentiated)

43
Q

In the old approach of classifications, what are the 3 tissues?

A

Epithelia, nerves, muscles

44
Q

In the old approach of classifications, what does epithelia associated with?

A

Associated with CT in epithelial membranes

45
Q

In the old approach of classifications, what does nerves contain?

A

contain blood vessels and CT

46
Q

In the old approach of classifications, what does the muscles contain ?

A

nerves, blood vessels, CT

Histology - FALL 2020 (1 decks)

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