Week 1: Gross Anatomy of Oral Cavity, Pharynx & Oesophagus Flashcards
Oral Cavity Functions
Ingestion, masication, taste, speech, breathing
Mixing of food and saliva
Initiation of digestion: mechanical and chemical
First steps of swallowing
Secretions from oral cavity and salivary glands contribute to many of the above functions (water, mucous, ions, small molecules, enzymes etc)
Point at which oropharynx continues posteriorly from oral cavity
Palatoglossal Arch
Muscle contained within palatoglossal arch
Palotoglossal muscle
Major Muscles involved in chewing (mastication)
Innervation of these muscles
Temporalis, Masseter
Lateral and Medial Pterygoids
CNV3: Mandibular Division of Trigeminal Nerve
Also intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue. Innervated by CNXII Hypoglossal n. Except Palatoglossus which is innervated by CNX Vagus n.
Joint at which movement of mandible occurs, relative to the rest of the skull (i.e. jaw movements).
Type of joint, and the movements allowed by this joint.
Specific position of the joint
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
Synovial Hinge Joint
Elevation/ depression of jaw (opening/closing of mouth)
Protrusion and retraction of mandible
Side to side grinding (ab/adduction of mandible)
Mandible portion moves within the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
Muscles of mastication (chewing) - actions occurring at the TMJ
Temporalis: Anterior portion closes jaw, and posterior fibers retract jaw
Masseter: closes and protracts jaw
Lateral Pterygoid: Projects jaw, and allows ab/adduction of jaw from side to side
Medial Pterygoid: Elevates jaw, and allows ab/adduction of jaw from side to side
Name the permanent teeth from anterior to posterior
Total of 4 quadrants x 8 teeth: incisors, canines (cuspids), premolars (bicuspids), molars.
2 Incisors
1 canine/cuspid
2 premolars/bicuspids
3 molars
Total = 32 teeth
Name the deciduous teeth from anterior to posterior
Aka Primary teeth: there are 4 quadrants x 5 teeth (total of 20)
2 incisors
1 canine/cuspid
2 molars
Joints of the teeth to skull/jaw bones, and the specific locations involved
The teeth are secured by gomphoses: fibrous ‘peg in socket’ joints.
Secured to the superior alveolar process of the maxilla and inferior alveolar process of the mandible
Innervation of maxillary and mandible teeth
Maxillary teeth: Superior Alveolar nerve. CNV2 - 2nd (maxillary) division of Trigeminal nerve (CNV)
Mandibular teeth: Inferior Alveolar nerve. CNV3 - 3rd (mandibular) division of the trigeminal nerve (CNV)
Functions of the tongue
Mechanical Digestion (moving bolus of food around mouth, mashing it against roof of mouth)
Speech
Taste
Initial phase of swallowing
Immune protection (MALT of lingual tonsils on posterior 1/3 of tongue)
Muscular innervation of the tongue
Most muscles innervated by Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)
Exception: Palatoglossus innervated by Vagus nerve (CNX)
This makes sense as palatoglossus is also a palate muscle and most palate muscles are innervated by vagus
General Sensory innervation of the tongue
Anterior 2/3 innervated by Mandibular division of Trigeminal nerve (CNV3)
Posterior 1/3 innervated by Glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)
Taste Innervation of the Tongue
Anterior 2/3 innervated by Facial Nerve (CNVII)
Poster 1/3 innervated by Glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)
Intrinsic muscles of the tongue. Names and type of muscle.
All skeletal.
Longitudinal, Transverse and Vertical mm