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Foundations 2 > Week 1-General immunology > Flashcards

Week 1-General immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Generation of blood components

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2
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Generation of blood components

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3
Q

CD34

A

cell surface molecule on hematopoietic stem cells

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4
Q

EPO: erythropoietin

A

Cytokine that promotes development of erythrocytes

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5
Q

TPO: thrombopoietin

A

Cytokine that promotes dev of megakaroyotes

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6
Q

What do all blood cells come from?

A

hematopoietic stem cells

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7
Q

Where does hematopoiesis occur in the body

A

bone marrow, but starts out in yolk sac and fetal liver/spleen

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8
Q

What are the three major progenitor cells

A

erythroid/megakarocyte, myleoid, lymphoid

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9
Q

what does lymphoid progenitors develop into

A

B cells (plasma), T cells, NK

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10
Q

Three types of pathogenic mechanisms

A

exotoxin, endotoxin, direct cytopathic effect

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11
Q

Three types of pathogenic mechanisms

A

exotoxin, endotoxin, direct cytopathic effect

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12
Q

CD34

A

cell surface molecule on hematopoietic stem cells

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13
Q

EPO: erythropoietin

A

Cytokine that promotes development of erythrocytes

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14
Q

TPO: thrombopoietin

A

Cytokine that promotes dev of megakaroyotes

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15
Q

What do all blood cells come from?

A

hematopoietic stem cells

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16
Q

Where does hematopoiesis occur in the body

A

bone marrow, but starts out in yolk sac and fetal liver/spleen

17
Q

What are the three major progenitor cells

A

erythroid/megakarocyte, myleoid, lymphoid

18
Q

what does lymphoid progenitors develop into

A

B cells (plasma), T cells, NK

19
Q

What does myeloid progenitors develop into

A

neutrophil, basophil, eoisinophil, dendritic, macrophage, mast

20
Q

Three types of pathogenic mechanisms

A

exotoxin, endotoxin, direct cytopathic effect

21
Q

what can platelets release

A

cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandings, enzymes, Growth factors–> recruitment, anti-microbial defense, wound healing, inflammation, dendritic and macrophage activation

22
Q

Definsin

A

soluble, antimicrobial peptides that protects cells from infections

23
Q

How do defensins work

A

disrupt viral membranes, crosslink viral glycoproteins to prevent fusion, inactivate membrane, prevent nuclear import of pre-integration complex into nucleaus–no viral transcription

24
Q

What is a paneth

A

major source of defensin in small intestin

25
Q

What are some receptors on a macrophage

A

Toll like receptors, mannose receptors, LPS receptors (CD14) complement receptors, scavenger receptors, glycan receptors

26
Q

TLR4?

A

Binds to LPS on macrophage surface, sends signals to nucleus to activates genes for inflammatory cytokines

27
Q

TLR3?

A

inside endosomes in the macrophage, recognize pathogen DNA

28
Q

what are some inflammatory cytokines that are released by dendritic cells and macrophages activated through TLR signaling

A

IL1, IL6, TNFa, IFNy

29
Q

What are released by infected cells via TLR signaling

A

IFNa, IFNB which act to prevent other cells around them from getting infected

30
Q

Which cytokines cause fever

A

IL6, TNFa, IL1B

31
Q

Which increase vascular permeability in endothelium

A

TNFa, IL1B

32
Q

Which cytokine is responsible for systemic shock

A

TNFa

33
Q

What does CXCL8 (IL8) do

A

recruitment of neutrophils and basophils to site of infection

34
Q

What does IL12 do

A

NK cell activation

35
Q

What does ILB do

A

Activate lymphocytes, local tissue destruction, fever, increase vascular permeability

36
Q

What does TNFa do

A

Increase vascular permeability, can cause septic shock, fever, increase mobilization of metabolites

37
Q

What does IL6 do

A

Fever, induced acute phase protein production by hepatocytes

38
Q

How does shock happen

A

TNFa release, endothelial cells produce PAF, blood clotting that block off local vessels that prevent infection spread…if bacteria reaches blood, it leads to widespread release of TNFa, systemic edema, vital organ failure, death

39
Q

Tell me about neutrophils

A

most effective and most abundate pathogen killer. more engulfing diversity and longevity than macrophages

Foundations 2 (1 decks)

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