Week 1 : Foundations of medicine Flashcards
Participating in these weekly quizzes is an example of experiential learning.
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T
no fucking shit
Body water content, as a proportion of total mass, is decreased in obesity
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T
Fat has a lower water content of any tissue, muscle being the highest therefore in proportion to total mass someone who is obese will have a lower body water content
see homeostasis slides for more
Uncharged molecules are generally water soluble
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F
Uncharged molecules (non polar) are usually hydrophobic meaning they do not readily dissolve in water which is a polar molecule. example, fat molecules are uncharged and cluster together to minimise their contact to aqueous environments.
see water and pH slide for more
Pathological processes are all naturally-occurring disorders that cause disease
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Pathological processes can fall under natural and un-natural such as trauma (fall resulting in broken ankle) or Iatrogenic (treatment related eg, immunosuppression as result of chemo)
see health and disease slides for more info
Condensation describes biochemical reactions where two smaller molecules join to form one larger molecule, and water is released.
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condensation is the biochemical reaction where two smaller molecules joint to form one larger molecule where water is released. this is an anabolic reaction and is thermodynamically UNFAVOURABLE as ΔG°′ > 0
hydrolysis on the other hand is the biochemical reaction is where water is used to break a larger molecule into two smaller molecules, note this is a catabolic reaction and is thermodynamically FAVOURABLE as ΔG°′ < 0
Prokaryote cells have no nucleus.
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T
remember Prokaryote = bacteria
and Eukaryote = Human cells
these cells ONLY share; a cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosome
see life at cellular level 1 for more info
When taking a social history, it would be relevant to ask if your patient has any hobbies
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T
builds rapport with patient as it can give information about any possible injuries, exposure to pathogens and general idea of fitness level
When you eat a sugary donut merely the presence of food in your stomach stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas prior to the glucose being absorbed across your gut wall. This is an example of negative feedback.
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this is an example of POSITIVE FEEDBACK, since the glucose has yet to be uptake into cells through gut wall.
the body has pre-emptively increased insulin due to the presence of food to minimise disturbance of blood glucose before it is absorbed in the body
see homeostasis slides for more
Radiolabelled albumin can be used to measure extracellular fluid volume.
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albumin is a plasma protein and therefore confined to the plasma compartment. it cannot move into the interstitial fluid compartment which is part of the ECF.
To measure ECF you need a marker that can pass through both plasma and Interstitial fluid but not into ICF such as sucrose. this way you can measure the volume of the ICF
see homeostasis slides for more
Chylomicrons are important structures for carrying protein around the blood
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chylomicrons are used for transporting lipids (not water soluble) around the blood. proteins are water soluble and can be transported through the plasma.
see water and pH slide for more
When you eat a sugary donut the glucose is absorbed across your gut wall increasing blood glucose. Insulin is released in response to the increase in blood glucose and acts to increase glucose uptake by cells. This is an example of negative feedback
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the increase in blood sugar (which threatens HOMEOSTASIS) triggers the release insulin which uptakes glucose in cells which reduces blood sugar. then switches off once blood glucose is back into a normal range. this is an example of negative feedback
see homeostasis slides for more
A rise in buffer concentration will result in a fall in pH
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rise in buffer will increase pH, buffer and pH are directly proportional.
see water and pH slide for more
Bicarbonate ions and phosphate ions are the major buffer systems in the body
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T
Bicarbonate buffer system is important IN PLASMA
Phosphate buffer system is important IN the CYTOPLASM
these systems keep the blood ph in the safe range of 7.4
see water and pH slide for more
Intracellular fluid volume can be measured directly.
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the only compartment we can measure directly is PLASMA.
but if we use a a marker to measure fluid in the ECF and measure TBW using heavy water we can calculate ICF by TBW-ECF
see homeostasis slides for more
The role of the Golgi apparatus is to synthesise new protein.
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the Golgi apparatus is used to package proteins for transport. it is the role of the ribosome to synthesis new proteins
