Week 1 - Diabetes Review

Question 1

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 1

A group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia (elevated blood sugar)

Causes:
Decreased insulin secretion
Insulin resistance

Question 2

Effects of insulin on:
Glucose
Fats
Liver
Protein
Potassium

Answer 2

Glucose - Mobilizes to be used as energy
- Increased glycogenesis - transport of glucose into cells, resulting in increased glycogen synthesis

Fats:
- Increases lipogenesis - glucose transport into adipose cells for storage
- Inhibits lipolysis - Breakdown of fat

Liver:
- Inhibits glycogenolysis - conversion of stored glycogen to glucose

Protein:
- Facilitates transport of amino acids into cells

Potassium:
- Facilitates intracellular transport of potassium

Question 3

Glucagon:

Function
Stimulation for release/

Answer 3

Acts to keep blood glucose elevated
(antagonist to insulin)

Stimulated by:
- Sympathetic stimulation
- Decreased serum glucose
- Secretion of growth hormone

Decreased stimulation by:
- Increased glucose levels

Functions:
- Stimulates glycogenolysis
- Stimulates gluconeogenesis
- Enhances lipolysis

Question 4

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 4

Characterized by destruction of beta cells
NO INSULIN

Causes:
Genetic, immunologic, environmental

Results in:
Decreased insulin production
Elevated blood glucose levels
Increased glucose production by the liver

Question 5

Manifestations of Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 5

“The 3 P’s”
- Polyuria - Frequent urinating
- Polydipsia - Frequent drinking
- Polyphagia - Frequent eating