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Child Health > Week 1 = Development > Flashcards

Week 1 = Development Flashcards

1
Q

Death between conception and 24 weeks of gestation is called..?

A

Miscarriage/Abortion

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2
Q

Death between 24 weeks of gestation and birth is called…?

A

Stillbirth

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3
Q

Death between 24 weeks of gestation and 1 week after birth is called?

A

Perinatal Mortality

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4
Q

Death between birth and 4 weeks after is called..?

A

Neonatal mortality

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5
Q

Death between 4 weeks and 24 weeks (post birth) is defined as…?

A

Post-neonatal mortality

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6
Q

Death between 4 weeks and 52 weeks after birth is called..?

A

Infant Mortality

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7
Q

Label this graph?

A

A = Miscarriage/Abortion

B = Still birth

C = Perinatal mortality

D = Neonatal Mortality

E = Post-Neonatal Mortality

F = Infant Mortality

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8
Q

Describe childhood surveillance and screening at:

  • Soon after birth?
A

Physical Examination - Length, weight, head circumfrence. Look at eyes, hips, heart. Look at spine, tone, genitals, Automated hearing test

Health Promotion - Sleeping Position (SIDS), Breastfeeding, Passive Smoking

Vaccinations = Vitamin K

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9
Q

Describe childhood surveillance and screening at:

6-8 weeks?

A

Check eyes, hips, heart

Check weight, length, head circumfrence

Check genitals, tone, spine, palate, femoral pulse

Health Promotion = Dental health, breastfeeding, car safety, sleeping position

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10
Q

Check childhood surviellance:

Aged 4/5 (Preschool)?

A
  • Hearing test
  • Vision test
  • Check height and weight

Health Promotion: Access to dentist, good diet, general health education

Vaccinations: Check all vaccinations up to date

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11
Q

Name the three phases of childhood growth?

What leads each one?

A

Infant Growth = Nutrient Led

Child Growth = Growth Hormone Led

Pubertal = Sex Hormone Led

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12
Q

Name some of the benefits of breastfeeding?

A
  • Immunological features
  • Modulators of intestinal growth
  • Reduction of diarrhoea
  • Reduction of respiratory infections
  • Lower risk of obesity
  • High IQ
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13
Q

What controls the onset of puberty?

A

Gonadotrophins - FSH and LH

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14
Q

When do boys and girls enter puberty?

A

Girls around 11 years

Boys 6 months later

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15
Q

Describe Precocious puberty?

Who is this more common in?

Investigations?

A

Early onset puberty

Before age 8 in a girl

Before age 9 in a boy

More common in obese girls

Scan for a pituitary tumour in boys

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16
Q

Roughly how much protein is needed for infants aged 4-18months?

A

12-14g

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17
Q

At what age should an infant have vertical head control?

A

6 Weeks

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18
Q

At what age should an infant follow a torch with eyes?

A

6 Weeks

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19
Q

At what age should an infant still to voice?

A

6 Weeks

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20
Q

At what age should an infant social smile?

A

6 Weeks

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21
Q

Describe what an infant can do at six weeks?

  • Gross Motor Skills
  • Fine Motor Skills
  • Language and Hearing
  • Social and play?
A

Head control at vertical

Follows torch with eyes

Stills to voice

Social Smile

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22
Q

At what age should an infant have no head lag on pulling to sit?

A

3 Months

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23
Q

At what age should an infant have hand regard and hold hands in the midline?

A

3 Months

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24
Q

At what age should the infant start to vocalise?

A

3 Months

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25
Q

At what age should an infant react favourably to familiar situtations?

A

3 Months

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26
Q

Describe what an infant should be able to do at 3 months?

  • Gross Motor Skills
  • Fine Motor Skills
  • Language and Hearing
  • Social and Play
A

No head lag on pull to sit

Hand regard, hands held in midline

Starting to vocalise

Reacts favourably to familiar situations

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27
Q

At what age should an infant push up on arms to prone and weight bear on legs?

A

6 Months

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28
Q

At what age should an infant be able to

  • Grasps toys
  • Transfer from hand to hand
  • Palmar Grasp
  • Mouthing?
A

6 Months

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29
Q

At what age should an infant babble and scream when annoyed?

A

6 Months

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30
Q

At what age should an infant still be friendly with strangers?

A

6 Months

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31
Q

At what age should an infant

  • Lean forward from sitting to reach out
  • Stands holding onto furniture
  • May crawl?
A

9 Months

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32
Q

At what age should an infant use index finger for pointing and grasp tiny objects?

A

9 Months

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33
Q

At what age should an infant

  • Localise sound consistently
  • Babbles for self amusement
  • Imitate sounds?
A

9 Months

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34
Q

At what age should an infant play peak a boo and clearly distinguish strangers?

A

9 Months

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35
Q

Describe what an infant should be able to do at 6 months?

  • Gross motor skills
  • Fine Motor Skills
  • Language and Hearing
  • Social and Play
A

Push up on arms in prone

Weight bear in legs

Palmar grasp, graps objects, transfers from hand to hand and mouths objects

Babbles, screams when annoyed

Still friendly with strangers

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36
Q

Describe what an infant should be able to do by the age of 9 months?

  • Gross motor skills
  • Fine motor skills
  • Language and hearing
  • Social and play
A

Leans forward from sitting to reach, stands holding onto furniture, may crawl

Uses index finger to point, can pick up small objects

Localises sound consistently, babbles for self - amusement, imitates sounds

Plays peek a boo, clearly distingushes strangers

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37
Q

At what age should an infant pull to standing and cruise around furniture?

A

12 months

38
Q

At what age should an infant cast toys and bang toys together?

A

12 Months

39
Q

At what ages should an infant know and turn to name, and speak some vowels and consonants?

A

12 Months

40
Q

At what age should an infant drink from a cup and have less mouthing?

A

12 Months

41
Q

At what age should an infant run and climb onto an adult chair?

A

18 Months

42
Q

At what age should an infant be able to build a tower of 3 blocks and enjoy picture books?

A

18 Months

43
Q

At what age should an infant know 5-20 words and point to body parts?

A

18 months

44
Q

At what age should an infant feed with a spoon and mimic adults?

A

18 months

45
Q

At what age should an infant go up and down stairs and sit/steer a trike?

A

2 years

46
Q

At what age should an infant build a block of 6-7 blocks, scribble and match toys?

A

2 Years

47
Q

At what age should an infant have 50+ words, speaks to self and understand simple instructions?

A

2 Years

48
Q

At what age should feeding become less messy, infants put on hats and shoes and play becomes symbolic?

A

2 Years

49
Q

Describe what an infant should be able to do by the age of 12 months?

  • Gross motor skills
  • Fine motor skills
  • Language and hearing
  • Social and play
A

Pull to standing and cruise around furniture

Casting toys, banging toys together

Knows and turns to name, some vowels and consonants

Drinks from cup, less mouthing

50
Q

Describe what an infant should be able to do by the age of 18 months?

  • Gross motor skills
  • Fine motor skills
  • Language and hearing
  • Social and play
A

Runs and climb onto adult chair

Build a tower 3 of bricks, enjoy picture books

5-20 words, points to picture books

Feeds with spoon, mimics adults

51
Q

Describe what an infant should be able to do by the age of 2 years?

  • Gross motor skills
  • Fine motor skills
  • Language and hearing
  • Social and play
A

Up and down stairs, sit on a trike and steers

Tower of 6-7 blocks, scribbles, matches toys

50+ words, talks to self, understsands simple instruction

Feeding less messy, puts on shoes and hat, symbolic play

52
Q

When should an infant be able to manage stairs with alternating feet, jump off bottom stair and balance on one foot momentarily?

A

Age 3

53
Q

At what age should an infant be able to build a tower of 9 blocks, copies circle and match colour?

A

3 Years

54
Q

At what age should a child know their own name, ask questions and know nursery rhymes?

A

Age 3

55
Q

At what age should an infant be able to wash hands, have vivid pretend play and understand sharing?

A

Age 3

56
Q

At what age should infants be able to hop on one foot, climb ladder, walk and run on tiptoe?

A

Age 4

57
Q

At what age should an infant be able to thread beads, copy a cross, draw a stick man with head legs and trunks?

A

Age 4

58
Q

At what age should infants be able to recount stories of recent experiences and count to 20?

A

Age 4

59
Q

At what age should an infant dress/undress (not laces), wash and dry hands, understand concept of turn taking?

A

AGE 4

60
Q

Describe what an infant should be able to do by the age of 3 years?

  • Gross motor skills
  • Fine motor skills
  • Language and hearing
  • Social and play
A

Stairs alternating feet at a time, jumps off bottom stair, stands on one foot momentarily

Builds a tower of 9 blocks, copies circle, matches colour

Knows own name, asks lots of questions, nursey rhymes

Washes hands, vivid pretend play, understands sharing

61
Q

Describe what an infant should be able to do by the age of 4 years?

  • Gross motor skills
  • Fine motor skills
  • Language and hearing
  • Social and play
A

Hop on preferred foot, climb ladder, walk and run on tiptoe

Copies a cross, draws a stick man with arms and legs, threads beads

Recounts stories of recent expereinces, counts to 20

Understands turn taking, washes and dries hands, dresses/undresses self (not laces)

62
Q

How do you calculate mid parental height?

A

In boys = (Dads height + Mothers-5)/2

In girls = (Dads height - 13 + Mothers)/2

63
Q

What is the target range for height?

A

+/- 8.5cm of mid parental height

64
Q

Healthy range on growth charts is between which percentiles?

A

2-98

65
Q

True or False:

Babies should be weighed with a nappy for hygiene reasons?

A

FALSE
Babies should be weighed naked

66
Q

True or False:

Many babies lose and regain weight in the first two weeks?

A

True

Lots of babies lose weight straight after birth (Eg: Difficulty starting lactation)

67
Q

Describe the developmental delay in Down’s Syndrome?

Growth charts?

A

Global developmental delay

Affects gross motor and fine motor, speech, social, hearing

Use a different growth chart due to rapid weight gain seen in Down’s Syndrome

68
Q

Describe the developmental delay in Duchenne’s?

A

Proximal limb weakness

Gower’s sign

Gross motor delay

Unable to spring up from lying on the floor

69
Q

Describe developmental delay in cerebal palsy?

A

Can affect one limb, two limbs or all four

Causes mobility problems, spascitiy and often learning difficulties

70
Q

Describe the autistic triad?

A

Impaired Social Communicaton

Impaired Social Interaction

Impaired Social Imagination

71
Q

Impaired social interaction with no delays in cognition or language development suggests…?

A

Aspergers

72
Q

Describe consent over the age of 16?

Under?

A

Over the age of 16 = presumed to have capacity to consent unless there is evidence to the contrary

Under 16 = Can give consent if they are consider capable

73
Q

Describe parental responsibility in these cases:
- Married parents when child was born?

  • Not married when the child was born?
  • Divorced parents, married when child was born?
  • Surrogate immediately after birth?
A

Married before child’s birth = BOTH

Unmarried before birth = MOTHER

Divorced = BOTH

SURROGATE has PR immediately after birth

74
Q

Contraindications for immunization?

A

Previous confirmed anaphylaxis

Egg Allergy (Yellow Fever, Flu)

Severe Latex Allergy

Acute Illness

75
Q

Name some live attenuated vaccines?

A

Measles

Mumps

Rubella

Polio

76
Q

Name some inactivated organisms?

A

Pertussis

Thyphoid

77
Q

Name some vaccinations contain organism components?

A

Influenza

Pneumococcal

Diptheria

Tetatnus

78
Q

Describe the immunizations given at 2 months?

A

Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Polio, Haemophilus Influzena B (One injection, 5 organisms)

Pneumococcal Conjugate (PCV)

Rotavirus

79
Q

Describe the immunizations given at 3 months?

A

Diptheria, Tetatnus, Pertussis, Thyphoid, HiB

Men C

Rotavirus

80
Q

Describe the immunizatios given at 4 months?

A

Diptheria, Tetatnus, Pertussis, Typhoid, HiB

Pneumococcal Conjugate (PCV)

81
Q

Describe the immunizations given at 1 yr?

A

Hib/Men C

Pneumococcal Conjugate

Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR)

82
Q

Describe the immunizations given at 2 years?

A

Influenza

83
Q

Describe the immunizations given at 3 yrs, 4 months?

A

Diptheria/Tetanus/Pertussis/Polio

MMR

84
Q

Describe the immunizations for girls aged 12-14?

A

HPV (3 doses)

85
Q

Describe immunizations given at age 14?

A

Tetatnus, Diptheria, Polio

Men C

86
Q

Describe vaccinations given at 65?

A

Pneumococcal Polysaccharide (PPV)

87
Q

Describe vaccinations given at 65+?

A

Influenza (Annualy)

88
Q

Describe the vaccination given at 70?

A

Shingles

89
Q

Summarize immunization between birth and before two years?

A

2 Months = 5 (Diptheria, Tetatnus, Pertussis, Polio, HiB) + PCV + Rotavirus

Three Months = 5 + Men C + Rotavirus

Four Months = 5 + PCV

One year = Hib/Men C Conjugate, PCV, MMR

90
Q

Summarize immunisation between 2 years to 14?

A

2 Years = Influenza

Pre School = 4/5 (Diptheria, Tetanus, Polio, Pertussis), MMR

Girls aged 12-14 = HPV

14+ = 3/5 (Diptheria, Tetanus, Polio), Men C

91
Q

Describe the structured approach for taking a paediatric history?

A

PC?

HPC?

PMH?

Birth and Perinatal problems?

Development?

FH?

SH?

Drug History? Allergies?

Immunizations?

Systemic Enquiry

Child Health (1 decks)

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