Week 1- Description & Epidemiology Flashcards
Define stuttering
the disruption in fluency of verbal expression which is characterised by involuntary, audible or silent repetitions, or prolongations in the utterance
Observable features of stuttering
repetition of words, prolongations, blocks, Non-verbal: facial and body movements (jaw jutting)
Unobservable features
negative emotions, word avoidance, word revision. Sheehan (1970) Iceberg theory- 80% unobservable, 20% stuttering
Incidence. Define and stats
number of new cases of the disorder, 4-5%
Prevalence.Define and stats
% of cases at any given time. 1% of population stutters. 27,000 WA’s stutter, 400,000 Australian’s stutter
Spontaneous Recovery (2 studies)
Andrew & Harris (1964)- revealed spontaneous recovery.
Onslow & Harrison (1991)- 10% recovered whilst on the waiting list, however parent was changing agent.
CONSIDER ETHICS OF THIS RESEARCH
Age of onset
childhood disorder. AoO 2.6-3.5yrs
Episodic Nature
10% of children are SUDDEN onset. 90% experience episodic swings
Factors which modify stuttering
Measurement Reactivity, Situational reactivity, Adaptation effect, Modified vocalisation hypothesis, Discriminative stimuli, Response Contingent Stimulation
Define Measurement reactivity
Ax trigger & recording device’s can increase stuttering rate
Define Situational reactivity
different situations can increase/decrease stuttering rate i.e telephone, audience (increase in size)
Define Modified Vocalisation hypothesis
if you use your speech engagement muscles differently then fluency will occur (i.e singing, speaking with an accent, chorus reading/shadowing, whispering, white noise masking and delayed audio feedback)
Define Adaptation effect
If a stutter was to read a passage twice their fluency will improve by 50% in the 2nd reading
Discriminative stimuli
professionalism of the clinician,
Response contingent stimulation
If the child doesn’t stutter- praise will increase that behaviour. If child stutters and reprimanded then behaviour will discontinue.
