Week 1: Definitions Flashcards
Nullipara (O)
A woman who has never been pregnant beyond 20 weeks gestation
Gravid (O)
The number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome
Para/parity (O)
The number of babies born after 20 weeks gestation
G6, P4 (O)
Gravida 6, Para 4 means pregnant 6 times (includes the current pregnancy) and has previously delivered 4 babies at more than 20 weeks gestation
Grand multipara (O)
A woman who has delivered 5 or more babies at more than 20 weeks gestation
Abortion/ miscarriage (O)
Pregnancy loss before 20 weeks gestation
Labour (O)
Regular painful contractions with cervical change after 20 weeks gestation
Lower uterine segment caesarean section (O)
Operative delivery of the baby through an incision in the lower uterine segment
Classical caesarean section (O)
Operative delivery of a baby through a vertical incision in the upper segment of the uterus
Hysterotomy (O)
Operative delivery of the baby through a uterine incision at less than 20 weeks gestation
Preterm labour (O)
Labour at less than 37 weeks gestation
Prelabour rupture of membranes (PROM)
(O)
Rupture of the membranes before the onset of labour
Premature prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM)
O
Rupture of the membranes before labour at less than 37 weeks gestation
ARM/AROM
O
Artificial rupture of the membranes
SROM
O
Spontaneous rupture of the membranes
Braxton Hicks Contractions
O
Painless uterine contractions in the antenatal period
Naegles rule (O)
“To estimate the probable date of confinement.
Add 9 months and 7 days to first day of the last menstrual period. A correction is required if the patient does not have 28 day cycles”
First stage of labour
O
From the start of labour until full dilatation of the cervix
Second stage of labour
O
From full dilatation of the cervix until birth of the baby
Third stage of labour
O
From birth of the baby until delivery of the placenta and membranes
Spurious or false labour
O
Uterine contractions which may be regular and/or painful, but are not associated with cervical effacement and dilatation
Oxytocic (O)
Medication that stimulates contractions of the uterine muscle
Tocolytic (O)
Medication to stop uterine contractions
Induction of labour (O)
The process of causing labour to commence
Augmentation of labour
O
The process of stimulating a labour that has already started
Placenta praevia (O)
Placenta that approaches or covers the internal cervical os in late second or third trimester
Vasa praevia (O)
Fetal vessels lying in the membranes in front of the presenting part
Antepartum haemorrhage (O)
Bleeding > 5mL from the vagina after 20 weeks gestation
Abruption (O)
Separation of the placenta from the uterus in the antenatal or intrapartum period
Post partum haemorrhage (O)
Vaginal bleeding of more than 500mL in the first 24 hrs after delivery
Secondary post partum haemorrhage (O)
Vaginal bleeding of more than 500mL more than 24 hrs after delivery
Placenta accreta (O)
Placenta that invades the myometrium
Uterine atony (O)
Abnormal relaxation of the uterus after delivery, usually causing bleeding
Isoimmunisation (O)
Blood group antibodies cross the placenta resulting in haemolysis of fetal red blood cells. Antibodies include D, c, K (Kell), Kidd, Duffy etc.
CTG (O)
cardiotocograph
Neonatal death (O)
A liveborn infant who dies within 28 days of birth, of at least 20 weeks gestation or weighing >400gm if gestation is unknown
Stillbirth (O)
An infant born after 20 weeks gestation (or birthweight over 400gm if gestation is unknown) who did not show any signs of life after birth
Perinatal mortality rate
O
The number of stillbirths plus neonatal deaths per 1000 births
Maternal death (O)
The death of a woman while pregnant (irrespective of the gestation) or within 42 days of the conclusion of the pregnancy irrespective of the cause of death or gestation at delivery
Maternal mortality rate
O
Number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births
Infant death (O)
Death of an infant between 29 days and 1 year of life
Station (O)
The level of descent of the presenting part relative to the pelvic brim or symphysis on abdominal palpation, or to the ischial spines on vaginal examination
Lie (O)
The relationship between the long axis of the fetus and the long axis of the uterus, eg longitudinal, oblique, transverse
Position (O)
The relationship of a defined area on the presenting part (the ‘denominator’) to the mother’s pelvis. In a cephalic presentation, the denominator is the occiput, thus the fetal position is described as occipito-anterior (OA), occipito-posterior (OP), left or tight occipito-transverse (L/ROT). In a breech presentation, the denominator is the sacrum (SA, SP, ST)
Presentation (O)
The part of the fetus which is presenting e.g. vertex, breech
Asynclitism (O)
Side to side tilt of the fetal head
Caput (O)
Oedema from obstructed venous return in the fetal scalp caused by pressure of the head against the cervix
Cervical incompetence (O)
Painless cervical dilatation in the second trimester causing preterm labour
Cord Prolapse (O)
The cord is alongside or below the presenting part in the presence of ruptured membranes
Episiotomy (O)
Surgical incision of the perineum during the second stage of labour
Third degree tear (O)
Perineal trauma which involves the vaginal mucosa, perineal muscles and external anal sphincter
Second degree tear (O)
Perineal trauma which involves the vaginal mucosal and perineal muscles
Lochia (O)
Vaginal discharge during the puerperium
Oligohydramnios (O)
Reduced amniotic fluid
Polyhydramnios (O)
Excess amniotic fluid
Pre eclampsia (O)
Hypertension and proteinuria in pregnancy
Eclampsia (O)
A seizure in the clinical setting of preeclampsia
Amniocentesis (O)
Sampling of amniotic fluid using a needle through the abdominal wall of the woman
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
O
Chorionic villus sampling. Sampling of the placenta using a needle under ultrasound guidance
External cephalic version (O)
Turning a breech baby to cephalic presentation through the maternal abdominal wall
Retained placenta (O)
Placenta still in utero 1 hour after delivery of the baby
Precipitate labour (O)
Labour less than 4 hours duration
Shoulder dystocia (O)
Difficulty delivering the shoulders after delivery of the fetal head
Puerperium (O)
The 6 weeks following delivery
Quickening (O)
Maternal perception of fetal movements
Restitution (O)
Rotation of the fetal head after delivery to align with the back and shoulders
Show (O)
A discharge of blood and mucus from the vagina in early labour or the days preceding labour
Phototherapy (O)
Use of standard fluorescent white light or blue light therapy to photoisomerise bilirubin to allow for its excretion
Exchange transfusion (O)
Procedure to treat severe newborn pathological jaundice in which blood is removed and replaced with donor blood. This removes the bilirubin and also the antibodies that have been causing haemolysis and jaundice
Low birthweight baby
O
Very low birthweight baby (O)
Neonatal respiratory distress (O)
Tachypnoea, increased effort of breathing, noisy breathing and central cyanosis
Caesarean hysterectomy (O)
Laparotomy at which the contents of the gravid uterus are delivered, then the uterus is excised (e.g due to placenta accreta)
Perimortem CS (O)
Caesarean performed on a moribund or dead woman with a view to preserving her life
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)
G
An overarching term for disturbed menstrual bleeding, which include bleedin that is abnormally heavy or abnormal in timing
Primary amenorrhea
G
Absence of periods ever
Secondary amenorrhea
G
Absence of periods for a 6-month period
Intermenstrual bleeding
G
Bleeding episodes between normally timed menstrual periods that are either random or follow a cyclical pattern
Irregular menstrual bleeding (G)
Unpredictable onset of menses, with cycle variations of >20 days over a period of 1 year
Prolonged menstrual bleeding (G)
Menstrual bleeding lasting >8 days on a regular basis
Acute AUB (G)
An episode of heavy bleeding that, in the clinician’s opinion, is sufficiently heavy to require immediate treatment to prevent further blood loss
Chronic AUB (G)
Bleeding from the uterine corpus that is abnormal in volume, duration, and/or frequency and has been present for most of the past 6 months
Heavy menstrual bleeding (replaces menorrhagia)
G
Excessive menstrual blood loss that interferes with a woman’s physical, emotional, social, and material quality of life, occurring alone or with other symptoms. Note that this definition includes menstrual bleeding deemed excessive by the patient regardless of its regularity, frequency, or duration
Dysmenorrhea (G)
Pelvic pain during menstruation
Dyspareunia (G)
Pain with sexual intercourse
Cervical excitation
G
Pain felt by the woman when her cervix is moved during vaginal examination, typically from free blood in the peritoneal cavity
Cervical ectropion (G)
The endocervical columnar epithelium protrudes through the external os of the cervix and onto the vaginal portion of the cervix
Infertility (G)
Failure of a couple to conceive in 1 year
Endometriosis (G)
The occurrence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, most commonly on the pelvic peritoneal surfaces
Adenomyosis (G)
The occurrence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
G
Infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes or pelvis
Menopause (G)
The final menstrual period
Premature menopause
G
Menopause occurring before 40 years of age
Climacteric/ perimenopause
(G)
The period of time when ovarian function declines and menopausal symptoms appear
Post menopause (G)
The time after menopause
Lactational amenorrhea method (G)
Effective contraception provided when a woman is fully breast-feeding a baby less than 6 months of age and has no return of menses
