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ANPH 1105 > Week 1- Chemical Organization of the Body > Flashcards

Week 1- Chemical Organization of the Body Flashcards

1
Q

Major Gases in Body and their %

A

O- 65%
C- 18.5%
H- 9.5%
N- 3.2%

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2
Q

Ionic vs Covalent Bond

A
  1. electrons donated b/w atoms, one +/-
  2. e- shared b/w 2 atoms
    - polar or non polar
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3
Q

Polar vs non-polar covalent bonds

A

polar- unequal sharing of electrons
non-polar - equal sharing of electrons

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3
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

hydrogen ionically bonded and weakly attracted to surrounding elements

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4
Q

Anabolic reaction

A

building up

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4
Q

catabolic reaction

A

catabolic reaction

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5
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

matter in motion, measured in form of temp.

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6
Q

Potential Energy

A

energy stored due to position or in chemical bonds
- in body most potential energy is stored in chemical bonds and is referred to chemical energy

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7
Q

exergonic

A

when bonds break, more energy is released than absorbed

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8
Q

Endergonic

A

when bonds broken, more energy absorbed or required than released

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9
Q

Mechanical energy

A

physical motion - PE converted to KE

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10
Q

Radiant Energy

A

energy transmitted as waves

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11
Q

electrical energy

A

transmission if electrons

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12
Q

Oxidation

A

loses electron

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13
Q

reduction

A

gains electron

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14
Q

Factors that influence rate of rxn

A
  • SA
  • Temp
  • Conc. and P
  • Enzymes and catalysts
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15
Q

Catalyst

A

an enzyme that reduces amount of energy required to initiate reaction

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16
Q

amylase

A

enzyme that breaks down starch

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17
Q

Organic vs inorganic compound

A
  1. contain both carbon and hydrogen (ex. H2O)
    - functions as lubricant, heat sink, solvent for other salts and compounds
  2. does not contain both hydrogen and carbon
18
Q

Salts and their function in the body

A
  • compounds with ionic bonds
  • establish tonicity in and outside cells which regulates flux of water in and out of cells and electrical potentials and conduction
  • part of digestive process - bile salts break down fat
  • transport essential minerals
19
Q

Acids (SA vs WA)

A
  • substance that releases H+ in solution
  • SA: completely ionizes solution
  • WA: partially ionizes
20
Q

Bases

A

relase OH- in solution or accepts H+ already in solution

21
Q

pH of:
1. blood
2. stomach acid
3. urine

A
  1. 7.35-7.45
  2. 2-3
  3. 6.5
22
Q

Buffers

A

Neutralize small amounts of acids or bases in body fluids (acts as weak acid or base)

23
Q

5 types of organic compounds in body and their subgroups

A
  1. carbohydrates
  2. lipids
  3. Proteins
  4. Nucleic Acids
  5. High energy compounds
24
Q

Hexose sugars

A

monosaccharide
glucose, fructose, galactose

25
Q

pentose suagrs

A

monosaccharide
deoxyribose, ribose

26
Q

Disaccharide

A

pairs of monomers
formed via dehydration synthesis and form glycosidic bonds
sucrose, lactose, maltose

27
Q

Polysaccharides

A

-hundreds to thousands of monosaccharides
-used as energy storage can also function as part of immunity modulation
- ex. glycogen in liver for quick energy

28
Q

Carbohydrate functions

A
  • obtained through plant based foods (except lactose)
  • Glucose primary source of energy (produces ATP when broken down)
  • can combine with proteins (glycoproteins)
  • combine with lipids (glycolipids)
  • role in cell signalling and recognition, structural stability, attachment point
29
Q

Lipids

A
  • hydrocarbons and oxygen chains
  • hydrophobic
  • fats, oils, alcohols
  • long term energy storage
  • cell membrane
  • cell signalling
  • absoptiona nd transmission of fat soluble vitamins
30
Q

Fatty acids

A
  • carboxylic acid group bound to hydrocarbon chain
31
Q

Saturated vs Unsaturated fatty acid

A
  1. all carbons have hydrogen
  2. at least one double bond
32
Q

Triglycerides

A
  • fatty acid + glycol group
  • most common dietary lipid
  • major energy storage
33
Q

Phospholipid

A

Phosphorous group (polar head) + glycerol (backbone) + 2 fatty acid chains (tail)
- forms bilayer of call membrane

34
Q

Steroid, cholesterol, hormones

A

steroid: 4 set of hydrocarbon rings
- cholesterol= most foundational, primary comp. of bile acids and building block of hormones like corticoids, androgens and estrogens

35
Q

Prostaglandin

A
  • unsaturatted fatty acids
  • cell signalling
  • regulates BP, inflammation, Pain sensation
36
Q

Proteins

A

amino acids linked by peptide bonds
- enzymes to speed rxn and digestion
- signalling via neurotransmitters, hormones
- moving electrolytes in and out of cell
- tertiary energy storage

37
Q

Amino acids

A

amino group + carboxyl group + side chain

38
Q

What amino acids do you need to ingest?

A

Isoleucine, leucine, valine, histidine, lysin, threonine, methionine

39
Q

Peptides and Polypeptides

A

2+ amino acids = peptide
<100 amino acids = polypeptides rather than proteins
proteins = several polypeptides joined together

40
Q

Protein Structure

A
  • denatured through high heat, changes in pH and interactions with proteins (usually non-functional)
41
Q

Nucleotides

A
  • organic compound contain a phosphate group, deoxyribose or ribose, nitrogen base group
  • DNA or RNA
42
Q

DNA types

A

adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine

43
Q

RNA types

A

adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil

44
Q

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

A

nucleotide composed of a ribose sugar, adenine base, 3 phosphate group
- covalent bonds of the phosphate groups store large amounts of energy

ANPH 1105 (3 decks)

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