Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 103 - Human Anatomy & Physiology > Week 1 - Chapter 5 - Tissues > Flashcards

Week 1 - Chapter 5 - Tissues Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the definition of Tissue in the context of cells and the body?

A

A group of similar cells with a common function (e.g. muscle tissue, epithelial tissue, connective tissue, nervous tissue, etc…).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What tissue is being described based on the following characteristics?

Function: Protection, secretion, absorption, excretion.
Location: Covering the body surface, cover and line internal organs, compose glands.
Distinguishing Characteristics: Lack of blood vessels, cells readily divide, cells are tightly packed.

A

Epithelial Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What tissue is being described based on the following characteristics?

Function: Bind, support, protect, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells.
Location: Widely distributed throughout the body.
Distinguishing Characteristics: Mostly have good blood supply, cells are father apart than epithelial cells, with extracellular matrix in between.

A

Connective Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What tissue is being described based on the following characteristics?

Function: Movement.
Location: Attached to bones, in the walls of hollow internal organs, heart.
Distinguished Characteristics: Able to contract in response to specific stimuli.

A

Muscle Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What tissue is being described based on the following characteristics?

Function: Conduct impulses for coordination, regulation, integration, and sensory reception.
Location: Brain, spinal cord, nerves.
Distinguished Characteristics: Cells communicate with each other and other body parts.

A

Nervous Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 3 types of Intercellular Junctions?

A

Tight Junctions, Desmosomes, Gap Junctions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Given the following characteristics and example, which Intercellular Junction is being described?

Characteristics: Close space between cells by fusing cell membranes.
Example: Cells that line the small intestine.

A

Tight Junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Given the following characteristics and example, which Intercellular Junction is being described?

Characteristics: Bind cells by forming “spot welds” between cell membranes.
Example: Cells of the outer skin layer.

A

Desmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Given the following characteristics and example, which Intercellular Junction is being described?

Characteristics: Form tubular channels between cells that allow exchange of substances.
Example: Muscle cells of the heart and digestive tract.

A

Gap Junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What selects which chemicals are allowed to cross, protecting from toxins and chemical fluctuations?

A

Blood-brain Barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are structures smaller than 100nm in at least 1 direction, that help medications cross the blood-brain barrier?

Example: Anesthetics of chemotherapeutics are combined with liposomes (phospholipid bubbles) to mask portion of drug that cannot cross the barrier OR Insulin can be inhaled in ultra small particles, instead of being injected.

A

Nanotechnology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Epithelial tissues have what on the outside, and what on the inside?

A

Free Surface / Basement Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Based on the following Description, Function, and Location, what type of Epithelial Tissue is being described?

Description: Single layer, flattened cells.
Function: Filtration, diffusion, osmosis, covers surface.
Location: Air sacs of lungs, walls of capillaries, linings of blood and lymph vessels, part of the membranes lining body cavities and covering viscera.

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Based on the following Description, Function, and Location, what type of Epithelial Tissue is being described?

Description: Single layer, cube-shaped cells.
Function: Protection, secretion, absorption.
Location: Surface of ovaries, linings of kidney tubules, and linings of ducts of certain glands.

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Based on the following Description, Function, and Location, what type of Epithelial Tissue is being described?

Description: Single layer, elongated cells.
Function: Protection, secretion, absorption.
Location: Linings of uterus, stomach, and intestines.

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Based on the following Description, Function, and Location, what type of Epithelial Tissue is being described?

Description: Single layer, elongated cells.
Function: Protection, secretion, movement of mucus and substances.
Location: Linings of respiratory passages.

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Based on the following Description, Function, and Location, what type of Epithelial Tissue is being described?

Description: Many layers, top cells flattened.
Function: Protection.
Location: Superficial layer of skin and linings of oral cavity, vagina, and anal canal.

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Based on the following Description, Function, and Location, what type of Epithelial Tissue is being described?

Description: 2 or 3 layers, cube-shaped cells.
Function: Protection.
Location: Linings of ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas.

A

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Based on the following Description, Function, and Location, what type of Epithelial Tissue is being described?

Description: Top layer of elongated cells, lower layers of cube-shaped cells.
Function: Protection, secretion.
Location: Part of the male urethra and lining of larger ducts of excretory glands.

A

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Based on the following Description, Function, and Location, what type of Epithelial Tissue is being described?

Description: Many layers of cube-shaped and elongated cells.
Function: Stretchability, protection.
Location: Inner lining of urinary bladder and linings of ureters and part of the urethra.

A

Transitional Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

These general characteristics describe what type of tissue?

Most abundant by weight.
Farther apart than Epithelial cells.
Contain abundant extracellular matrix between cells, consisting of protein fibers and a ground substance.
Consistency varies from fluid to solid.
Most cells have the ability to divide.
Most have a good blood supply so they are well-nourished.
Contain Fixed Cells which remain in one place, and Wandering Cells like macrophages that move throughout tissues.

A

Connective Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the two categories of Connective Tissue?

A

Connective Tissue Proper / Specialized Connective Tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 8 functions of Connective Tissues?

A
  1. Bind structures together.
  2. Provide support and protection.
  3. Serve as frameworks.
  4. Fill spaces.
  5. Store fat.
  6. Produce blood cells.
  7. Protect against infections.
  8. Help repair tissue damage.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is considered “The Body’s Glue”?

A

The Extracellular Matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the functions of the Extracellular Matrix?

A

Organizes and anchors cells to tissue, relay chemical signals that control cell division, differentiation, repair, and migration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS EXAMPLE

What can convert fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, loosen fibroblast connections, which allow for the migration of converted fibroblasts and spreading?

A

Cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS EXAMPLE

What is it when collagen deposition increases, and ECM exceeds the normal 3% of the organ? Damaging agents will evoke a normal inflammatory response but if it continues too long then it can block the connection between liver cells and blood, potentially leading to cirrhosis.

A

Liver Fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS EXAMPLE

Some forms involve excess collagen deposition, which can stiffen the heart or block blood flow.

A

Heart Failure and Atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the 2 types of Connective Tissue, and their subcategories?

A

Connective Tissue Proper
1. Loose: Fewer collagen fibers than dense, Areolar, Adipose, Reticular
2. Dense: Abundant collagen fibers, Dense Regular, Dense Irregular, Elastic
Specialized Connective Tissue
1. Cartilage
2. Bone
3. Blood

30
Q

What percent of Collagen makes up the protein in bone and cartilage, a large percentage of dry weight of skin, tendons, and ligaments?

A

>60%

31
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS EXAMPLE

What is it called when collagen chains are asymmetric and too wide, causing stunted growth and deformed joints?

A

Chondrodysplasia

32
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS EXAMPLE

What is a deficiency of the protein fibrillin, leading to long limbs, spindly fingers, sunken chest, weak aorta, and dislocation of the lens of the eye?

A

Marfan Syndrome

33
Q

What are the relevant facts of Reticular Connective Tissue?

A
  1. Composed of network of thin reticular fibers.
  2. Supports walls of internal organs.
  3. Walls of liver, spleen.
34
Q

What are the relevant facts of Dense Regular Connective Tissue?

A
  1. Closely packed collagenous fibers.
  2. Fine network of elastic fibers.
  3. Most cells are fibroblasts.
  4. Very strong, withstands pulling.
  5. Binds body parts together.
  6. Tendons, ligaments, dermis.
  7. Poor blood supply, slow to heal.
35
Q

What type of tissue is being described with the following points?

  1. Closely packed collagenous fibers.
  2. Fine network of elastic fibers.
  3. Most cells are fibroblasts.
  4. Very strong, withstands pulling.
  5. Binds body parts together.
  6. Tendons, ligaments, dermis.
  7. Poor blood supply, slow to heal.
A

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

36
Q

What are the relevant facts of Dense Irregular Connective Tissue?

A
  1. Randomly organized, thick, collagenous fibers.
  2. Withstands tension exerted from different directions.
  3. Dermis of skin.
  4. Around skeletal muscles.
37
Q

What are the relevant facts of Elastic Connective Tissue?

A
  1. Abundant yellow elastic fibers, some collagenous fibers.
  2. Fibroblasts.
  3. Attachment between bones of spine.
  4. Walls of hollow organs, large arteries, airways.
  5. Parts of the heart.
  6. Elastic quality, stretches.
38
Q

What type of tissue is being described with the following points?

  1. Abundant yellow elastic fibers, some collagenous fibers.
  2. Fibroblasts.
  3. Attachment between bones of spine.
  4. Walls of hollow organs, large arteries, airways.
  5. Parts of the heart.
  6. Elastic quality, stretches.
A

Elastic Connective Tissue

39
Q

What are the components of Blood and what does blood do?

A
  1. Fluid matrix called Plasma
  2. Red Blood Cells transport gases
  3. White Blood Cells defend against infection
  4. Platelets help in blood clotting

Transports substances around the body.

40
Q

Given the following Description, Function, and Location, what type of Connective Tissue is being described and in which of the 2 types?

Description: Cells in fluid-gel matrix.
Function: Binds Organs.
Location: Beneath the skin, between muscles, beneath epithelial tissues.

A

Areolar Connective in Connective Tissue Proper

41
Q

Given the following Description, Function, and Location, what type of Connective Tissue is being described and in which of the 2 types?

Description: Cells in fluid-gel matrix.
Function: Protects, insulates, stores fat.
Location: Beneath the skin, around the kidneys, behind the eyeballs, on the surface of the heart.

A

Adipose Tissue in Connective Tissue Proper

42
Q

Given the following Description, Function, and Location, what type of Connective Tissue is being described and in which of the 2 types?

Description: Cells in fluid-gel matrix.
Function: Supports.
Location: Walls of liver and spleen

A

Reticular Connective in Connective Tissue Proper

43
Q

Given the following Description, Function, and Location, what type of Connective Tissue is being described and in which of the 2 types?

Description: Cells in fluid-gel matrix.
Function: Binds body parts.
Location: Tendons, ligaments.

A

Dense Regular Connective in Connective Tissue Proper

44
Q

Given the following Description, Function, and Location, what type of Connective Tissue is being described and in which of the 2 types?

Description: Cells in fluid-gel matrix.
Function: Sustains tissue tension.
Location: In the deep layer of skin.

A

Dense Irregular Connective in Connective Tissue Proper

45
Q

Given the following Description, Function, and Location, what type of Connective Tissue is being described and in which of the 2 types?

Description: Cells in fluid-gel matrix.
Function: Provides elastic quality.
Location: Connecting parts of the spinal column, in the walls of arteries and airways.

A

Elastic Connective in Connective Tissue Proper

46
Q

Given the following Description, Function, and Location, what type of Connective Tissue is being described and in which of the 2 types?

Description: Cells in solid-gel matrix.
Function: Supports, protects, provides framework.
Location: Ends of bones, nose, and rings in walls of respiratory passages.

A

Hyaline Cartilage in Specialized Connective Tissue

47
Q

Given the following Description, Function, and Location, what type of Connective Tissue is being described and in which of the 2 types?

Description: Cells in solid-gel matrix.
Function: Supports, protects, provides flexible framework.
Location: Framework of external ear and part of larynx.

A

Elastic Cartilage in Specialized Connective Tissue

48
Q

Given the following Description, Function, and Location, what type of Connective Tissue is being described and in which of the 2 types?

Description: Cells in solid-gel matrix.
Function: Supports, protects, absorbs shock.
Location: Between bony parts of spinal column, parts of pelvic girdle, and knee.

A

Fibrocartilage in Specialized Connective Tissue

49
Q

Given the following Description, Function, and Location, what type of Connective Tissue is being described and in which of the 2 types?

Description: Cells in solid matrix.
Function: Supports, protects, provides framework.
Location: Bones of skeleton, middle ear.

A

Bone in Specialized Connective Tissue

50
Q

Given the following Description, Function, and Location, what type of Connective Tissue is being described and in which of the 2 types?

Description: Cells and platelets in fluid matrix.
Function: Transports gases, defends against disease, clotting.
Location: Throughout the body in a closed system of blood vessels and heart chambers

A

Blood in Specialized Connective Tissue

51
Q

What tissues comprise Epithelial Membranes?

A

Epithelial and Connective Tissues.

52
Q

What are the 3 types of Epithelial Membranes?

A
  1. Serous Membranes
  2. Mucous Membranes
  3. Cutaneous Membranes
53
Q

What is the name of the membrane that is different from Epithelial Membranes?

A

Synovial Membranes

54
Q

What are the facts relevant of Serous Membranes?

A
  1. Line body cavities that do not open to outside of the body.
  2. Inner linings of thorax and abdomen; covers organs.
  3. Simple squamous epithelium + areolar connective tissue.
  4. Secrete serous fluid for lubrication, reducing friction.
55
Q

Give the list below, what type of Epithelial Membrane is being described?

  1. Line body cavities that do not open to outside of the body.
  2. Inner linings of thorax and abdomen; covers organs.
  3. Simple squamous epithelium + areolar connective tissue.
  4. Secrete serous fluid for lubrication, reducing friction.
A

Serous Membranes

56
Q

What are the relevant facts of Mucous Membranes?

A
  1. Line cavities and tubes that open to the outside of the body.
  2. Lining of digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts.
  3. Epithelium + areolar connective tissues.
  4. Goblet cells secrete mucus.
57
Q

Given the list below, what type of Epithelial Membrane is being described?

  1. Line cavities and tubes that open to the outside of the body.
  2. Lining of digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts.
  3. Epithelium + areolar connective tissues.
  4. Goblet cells secrete mucus.
A

Mucous Membranes

58
Q

What are the relevant facts of Cutaneous Membranes?

A
  1. Covers body surface.
  2. Commonly called skin.
  3. Part of integumentary system.
59
Q

Given the facts below, what type of Epithelial Membrane is being described?

  1. Covers body surface.
  2. Commonly called skin.
  3. Part of integumentary system.
A

Cutaneous Membranes

60
Q

What are the relevant facts of Synovial Membranes?

A
  1. Different from Epithelial Membranes.
  2. Composed entirely of connective tissues.
  3. Line joint cavities.
61
Q

What are the general characteristics of Muscle Tissues?

A
  1. Excitable; respond to nervous stimulation.
  2. Muscles cells are also called muscle fibers.
  3. Contractile; can shorten and thicken / lengthen.
  4. 3 types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, smooth.
62
Q

What are the characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Tissues?

A
  1. Attached to bones.
  2. Striated.
  3. Voluntary.
  4. Long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells.
  5. Stimulated by nerve cells.
63
Q

What are the characteristics of Smooth Muscle Tissues?

A
  1. Non-striated.
  2. Spindle-shaped fibers.
  3. walls of hollow organs and blood vessels.
  4. Involuntary.
64
Q

What are the characteristics of Cardiac Muscle Tissues?

A
  1. Only in wall of the heart.
  2. Branching cells.
  3. Involuntary.
  4. Striated.
  5. Intercalated discs, specialized intercellular junctions.
65
Q

Given the following Description, Function, and Location, what type of Muscle OR Nervous Tissue is being described?

Description: Long, thread-like cells, striated, many nuclei.
Function: Voluntary movements of skeletal parts.
Location: Muscles usually attached to bones.

A

Skeletal Muscle Tissues

66
Q

Given the following Description, Function, and Location, what type of Muscle OR Nervous Tissue is being described?

Description: Shorter cells, single, central nucleus.
Function: Involuntary movements of internal organs.
Location: Walls of hollow internal organs.

A

Smooth Muscle Tissues

67
Q

Given the following Description, Function, and Location, what type of Muscle OR Nervous Tissue is being described?

Description: Branched cells, striated, single nucleus.
Function: Heart movements.
Location: Heart muscle.

A

Cardiac Muscle Tissues

68
Q

Given the following Description, Function, and Location, what type of Muscle OR Nervous Tissue is being described?

Description: Cells with cytoplasmic extensions.
Function: Sensory reception, release of neurotransmitters, and conduction of electrical impulses.
Location: Brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.

A

Nervous Tissue

69
Q

What are integrins?

A

Principle receptors used by animals cells to bind to the extracellular matrix.

70
Q

True or False? The extracellular matrix is the same in all tissues.

A

False.

BIO 103 - Human Anatomy & Physiology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions