Week 1 - Changing Patterns of Health and Disease Flashcards
Changes in population parameters overtime according to the Demographic Transition Model.
High birth rates, high mortality, through to decreasing mortality rates and continuing high fertility, to low birth rates and low mortality.
Two reasons for ageing population.
- Declining birth rates.
2. Declining death rates.
Meaning of epidemiological transition theory.
The reduction in the proportion if deaths due to infectious diseases in the first part of the 20th century.
Horizontal axis in a population shows…
- The number of people.
2. The percentage of people.
The size of the gap in child mortality (0-4 years) of Indigenous Australians varies by jurisdictions.
NT > WA > QLD > SA > NSW
To replace each generation, each Australian woman needs to have AT LEAST…
2.1 babies.
Examples of re-emergent diseases that supports Epidemiological Transition Theory.
- Pertussis.
- Tuberculosis.
- Malaria.
- Diphtheria.
- Meningitis.
- Rabies.
- Rubeola (measles).
- Yellow fever.
Three most common causes if death among ATSI infants under 12 months of age.
- Perinatal causes - leas ti birth trauma, complications of pregnancy that affect the baby, prematurity, etc.).
- Congenital malformations.
- Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and other causes.
Measurement that would give demographer the closest prediction of reproductive behaviour in a fecund woman in a country.
Crude birth rate.
Current Australian total fertility rate (TFR).
1.93 babies per woman.
In relation of Indigenous Australian children, what proportion of child deaths aged 0-4 years occur in infant (under 12 months of age) according to 2012 data estimates?
83%.
Leading causes of death in Australian males according to 2012 data estimates.
1. Coronary heart diseases. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Define neonatal mortality rate.
The number of neonates dying before reaching 28 days of age after birth per 1000 live births in a given year.
Define Demographic Transition Model.
A model that describes population change over time which states that experience modernisation, progress from a pre-modern regime of high fertility and high mortality to a post-modern one in which both are low.
Define Epidemiological Transition Theory.
A theory that describe the shift in the disease pattern in which “degenerative and man-made” diseases displace pandemics of infection as the primary causes of morbidity and mortality.
