Week 1: Cell Physiology & Membrane dynamics Flashcards
What are the basic principles of the cell theory ?
The basic principles of the cell theory consists of three principles:
1. Cells are the building blocks of life: All living things are composed of one or more cells.
2. Cells arise only form pre-existing cells.
3. Smallest entity that can sustain themselves by metabolism, growth and division.
Why are chromatids packed densely together
To protect and make sure that all the DNA fits into the nucleus of the cell.
What are histones
Proteins that provide structural support for DNA. (Consists of lysine and argenine)
What are nucleosomes
Histone + DNA
What are the bases in DNA
Thymin, Adenine, Cytosine and Guanine
How are the bases bound together
Hydrogen bonds
What are the phases in the cell cycle
G1, S, G2 and M-phase
What phases are in the interphase
G1, S and G2
What are the phases within the M-phase
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase
What is cytokinesis
the physical process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells.
What are intrinsic factors
DNA-acessability: heterochromatin
euchromatin, epigenetic factors and underlying specialization of a cell.
What is heterochromatin
DNA tightly wrapped around histone
What is euchromatin
Loosely wrapped DNA around histone
Extrinsic factors
External factors that influence how DNA is expressed.
