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ANATOMY II > WEEK 1 (Cardiac Anatomy) > Flashcards

WEEK 1 (Cardiac Anatomy) Flashcards

1
Q

What does the anterior surface of the heart consist of?

A
  • Mostly the right ventricle
  • Right atrium
  • Left ventricle
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2
Q

What is important about the heart in its anatomical position?

A
  • Rests on the diaphragmatic surface
  • Consists of LEFT VENTRICLE, small portion of the RIGHT VENTRICLE
  • L&R VENTRICLE separated by the POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR GROOVE
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3
Q

Left pulmonary surface

A
  • Faces the left lung
  • Broad & convex
  • Consists of the LEFT VENTRICLE and a portion of the LEFT ATRIUM
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4
Q

Right pulmonary surface

A
  • Faces the right lung
  • Broad & convex
  • Consists of the right atrium
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5
Q

Obtuse margin

A
  • Separates the anterior and left pulmonary surfaces
  • Round
  • Extends from the left auricle to the cardiac apex
  • Formed mostly by the LEFT VENTRICLE and a small portion of the LEFT AURICLE
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6
Q

Coronary Sulcus

A
  • Circles the heart
  • Separates atria from the ventricles
  • Contains RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY, SMALL CARDIAC VEIN, CORONARY SINUS and CIRCUMFLEX BRANCH of the LEFT CORONARY ARTERY
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7
Q

Which two Sulci separate the two ventricles?

A

The anterior and posterior inter ventricular sulci

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8
Q

Anterior interventricular sulci

A
  • Separates the two ventricles
  • Anterior surface of the heart
  • Contains anterior interventricular artery & great cardiac vein
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9
Q

Posterior interventricular sulci

A
  • On the DIAPHRAGMATIC SURFACE OF THE HEART
  • Contains the POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR ARTERY and the MIDDLE CARDIAC VEIN
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10
Q

Function of the heart pumps

A

The RIGHT PUMP receives deoxygenated blood from the body and sends it to the lungs. The LEFT PUMP receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and sends it to the body.

[each pump consists of an ATRIUM and a VENTRICLE separated by a valve]

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11
Q

Function of Atria

A

Receive blood coming into the heart

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12
Q

Function of Ventricles

A

Pump blood out of the heart

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13
Q

Why is the muscular wall of the left ventricle thicker than the right?

A

More force is required to pump blood through the body than through the lungs

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14
Q

Blood returning to the Right atrium enters through one of three vessels, which are?

A
  • SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
  • INFERIOR VENA CAVA
    [deliver blood to heart from body]
  • CORONARY SINUS
    [returns blood from the walls of the heart itself]
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15
Q

Right atrioventricular orifice

A
  • Where blood passes from the right atrium into the right ventricle
  • Opening faces forward and medially
  • Closed during ventricular contraction by the TRICUSPID VALVE
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16
Q

Sulcus terminalis cordis

A
  • Shallow, vertical groove
  • Externally indicates the division of the right atrium into two continuous spaces
  • From the right side of the opening of the SUPERIOR VENA CAVA to the right side of the opening of the INFERIOR VENA CAVA
17
Q

Crista terminalis

A
  • Internally indicates the division of the right atrium into two continuous spaces
  • Smooth, muscular ridge
18
Q

Interatrial Septum

A

Separates the right from the left atrium

19
Q

Right ventricle

A
  • To the left of the RIGHT ATRIUM and is in front of and to the left of the ATRIOVENTRICULAR ORIFICE
  • Outflow tract leading to pulmonary trunk is CONUS ARTERIOSUS
20
Q

What are the three Papillary muscles in the right ventricle?

A
  • Anterior papillary muscle
  • Posterior papillary muscle
  • Septal papillary muscle
21
Q

Anterior papillary muscle

A
  • Largest & most constant papillary muscle
  • Arises from the anterior wall of the ventricle
22
Q

Posterior papillary muscle

A
  • Some CHORDAE TENDINEAE arising directly from the ventricular wall
  • May consist of one, two or three structures
23
Q

Septal papillary muscle

A
  • Most inconsistent papillary muscle
  • Chordae tendineae emerging directly from the septal wall
24
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A
  • The RIGHT ATRIOVENTRICULAR ORIFICE is closed during ventricular contraction by the TRICUSPID VALVE
  • Three cusps: ANTERIOR, SEPTAL and POSTERIOR CUSPS
25
Q

Describe the function of the Tricuspid valves

A
  • During filling of the right ventricle, the tricuspid valve is open and the three cusps project into the right ventricle
  • PAPILLARY MUSCLES and associated CHORDAE TENDINEAE keep the valves closed during contraction
  • CHORDAE TENDINEAE from two PAPILLARY MUSCLES attach to each cusp which prevents separation during ventricular contraction
  • Proper closing of the tricuspid valve causes blood to exit the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk
26
Q

Pulmonary Valve

A
  • Closes the opening of the PULMONARY TRUNK from the RIGHT VENTRICLE
  • Three SEMILUNAR CUSPS (Left, Right and Anterior Semilunar cusps)
  • After ventricular contraction, the recoil of blood fills the PULMONARY SINUSES and forces the cusps closed preventing blood in the PULMONARY TRUNK from refilling the right ventricle
27
Q

Left Atrium

A

POSTERIOR HALF (INFLOW PORTION):
- Receives the four pulmonary veins
- Smooth walls
- Derived from the proximal parts of the pulmonary veins that are incorporated into the left atrium during development

ANTERIOR HALF:
- Continuous with the left auricle

28
Q

Valve of the Foramen Ovale

A

During development, VALVE OF THE FORAMEN OVALE prevents blood from passing from the left atrium to the right atrium. This valve may not be completely fused in some adults leaving a PROBE PATENT PASSAGE between the two atria

29
Q

Left Ventricle

A
  • Blood enters the ventricle through the LEFT ATRIOVENTRICULAR ORIFICE
  • Longer than right ventricle
  • Thickest layer of MYOCARDIUM
  • TRABECULAE CARNEAE are fine and delicate in contract to those in the right ventricle
  • ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR PAPILLARY MUSCLES are found in the left ventricle and are larger than those in the right ventricle
30
Q

Mitral valve (Bicuspid valve)

A
  • Left atrioventricular valve
  • Two cusps: ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR CUSPS
31
Q

Aortic Valve

A
  • Continuous superiorly with the ASCENDING AORTA
  • Opening from left ventricle into the AORTA is closed by the AORTIC VALVE
  • Three SEMILUNAR CUSPS
  • RIGHT, LEFT & POSTERIOR SINUSES between semilunar cusps and wall of ascending aorta
32
Q

What are the two types of Valve disease?

A
  • INCOMPETENCE = poorly functioning valves
  • STENOSIS = narrowing of the orifice
33
Q

What heart changes do stenosis and incompetence lead to?

A
  • Left ventricular hypertrophy
  • Increased pulmonary venous pressure
  • Pulmonary edema
  • Enlargement and hypertrophy of left atrium
34
Q

Valve disease in the right side of the heart

A
  • Caused by infection
  • Produces abnormal pressure changes in the right atrium and right ventricle
  • Cardiac failure
35
Q

Cardiac Skeleton

A
  • A collection of dense, fibrous connective tissue in the form of four rings with interconnecting areas in a plane between the atria and the ventricles
  • FUNCTION: Helps maintain the integrity of the openings it surrounds and provides points of attachment for the cusps
36
Q

Sinu-atrial node

A
  • Where impulses begin (CARDIAC PACEMAKER)
  • Collection of cells located at the superior end of the CRISTA TERMINALIS at the junction of the SUPERIOR VENA CAVA and the RIGHT ATRIUM
  • Signals here spread across the ATRIA causing the muscle to contract
37
Q

Atrioventricular node

A
  • Stimulation caused by excitation of ATRIA
  • Forms beginning of ATRIOVENTRICULAR BUNDLE which extends excitatory impulse to VENTRICLE MUSCLES
38
Q

What is the autonomic division of the peripheral nervous system directly responsible for regulating?

A
  • Heart rate
  • Force of each contraction
  • Cardiac output
39
Q

What are the Tricuspid and Bicuspid Valve collectively called?

A

Atrioventricular Valves

ANATOMY II (5 decks)

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