Week 1 blood transfusions

Question 1

What is TACO?

Answer 1

Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload

Question 2

What is the main outcome we are concerned about with TACO?

Answer 2

respiratory distress

Question 3

How do we identify TACO?

Answer 3

pulmonary edema on exam or diagnostics

other unexplained cardiovascular changes

RR increase
O2 decrease
frothy sputum

Question 4

What is the highest cause of patient morality in transfusion?

Answer 4

TACO

Question 5

What causes TACO and what are the risk factors?

Answer 5

large volumes in a short time

cardiac/renal dysfunction
low stature
low weight
<3age and >60 age
hyperalbuminemia

Question 6

How long do we monitor a patient for TACO post transfusion?

Answer 6

12 hours

Question 7

what is AHTR?

Answer 7

Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction

Question 8

what are the symptoms of AHTR?

Answer 8

fever
chills
hemoglobinuria
pain
dyspnea
hypotension
oliguria

Question 9

what are 3 interventions if AHTR occurs?

Answer 9

1. stop the infusion
2. close monitoring
3. hydration

Question 10

What causes AHTR?

Answer 10

clerical errors that cause ABO-incompatible transfusion

Question 11

what is FNHTR

Answer 11

Febrile non-hymolytic transfusion reaction?

Question 12

what is the most common transfusion reaction?

Answer 12

FNHTR

Question 13

whare are the symptoms of FNHTR?

Answer 13

fever
chills
rigors
pain

Question 14

What intervention can we use for FNHTR?

Answer 14

acetaminophen
non-pharmacological pain relief

Question 15

What causes FNHTR?

Answer 15

body attacks blood cells - immune system reaction

Question 16

what is TRALI

Answer 16

Transfusion Related Acute lung injury

Question 17

what is the second leading cause of transfusion-related morbidity and mortality after TACO?

Answer 17

TRALI

Question 18

what does TRALI cause in a patient?

Answer 18

Pulmonary edema
respiratory failure

Question 19

What are signs of TRALI in patients that do not have ARDS?

Answer 19

sudden acute respiratory distress during or within 6 hours of transfusion

dyspnea
tachypnea
Hypoxemia with O2 <90% RA
Pulmonary edema
fever
BP decrease

Question 20

What are minor allergic reactions?

Answer 20

urticaria
pruritus
flushing
mild upper resp symptoms
GI symptoms

Question 21

What is the intervention for minor allergic reactions?

Answer 21

Antihistamines

Question 22

What are the S&S of severe allergic reactions?

Answer 22

1. skin- hives, swelling, warmth, redness
2. resp. - cough, wheeze, sob, hay-fever symptoms
3. GI- N &V , stomach pain/cramp, diarrhea
4. Cardio- Dizzy, weak pulse, faint, shock, loss of consciousness
5. Neurological - Anxiety, feeling of impending doom

Question 23

What are the 3 main things we focus on in any kind of severe allergic reaction?

Answer 23

ABCs!