Week 1 - Blood

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the blood?

 a. Transportation of nutrients  	
 b. Regulation of blood pH  	
 c. Production of oxygen  	 
 d. Transportation of heat  	
 e. Protection against infectious disease

Answer 1

c. Production of oxygen

Yes, oxygen production is NOT a major function. Blood carries oxygen that we breathe in via our lungs.

Question 2

The blood that flows in our blood vessels consists of:

a. plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets
b. plasma, erythrocytes, platelets and monocytes
c. plasma, leukocytes, erythrocytes and plankton
d. plasma, lymphocytes, platelets and erythrocytes

Answer 2

a. plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets Yes, these are the major components in our blood.

Question 3

A negative feedback loop controls the rate of erythropoiesis. Under what circumstances would you NOT expect the rate of erythropoiesis to increase? How would it be possible to tell if the rate of erythropoiesis is elevated?

 a. Hypoxia 
 b. Anemia 	
 c. Leukopenia 	
 d. High altitude

Answer 3

c. Leukopenia

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true?

 a. The globin portion of hemoglobin is eliminated as urobilinogen  	
 b. Biliverdin is produced from the breakdown of the non-iron portion of heme  	 
 c. Red blood cells can live for years before being broken down  	
 d. Iron is stored in the liver as globin

Answer 4

b. Biliverdin is produced from the breakdown of the non-iron portion of heme

Question 5

Which of the following is an agranular leukocyte that leaves the blood and becomes a wandering macrophage?

 a. eosinophil  	
 b. neutrophil  	
 c. monocyte  	 
 d. basophil

Answer 5

c. monocyte

Yes, wandering macrophages develop from monocytes that leave the blood stream.

Question 6

A high count of which of the following blood cells may indicate viral infections?
Choose one answer.
	 a. Basophil  	
	 b. Eosinophil  	
	 c. Reticulocyte  	
	 d. Lymphocyte

Answer 6

d. Lymphocyte

Yes, a high count of lymphocytes may indicate viral infections. Lymphocytes are the ‘soldiers’ of our immune system.

Question 7

Vascular spasms and platelet plug formation are steps in
Choose one answer.
	 a. hemostasis 	 
	 b. agglutination 	
	 c. erythropoiesis 	
	 d. hemopoiesis

Answer 7

a. hemostasis
Yes, hemostasis (a sequence of responses that stops bleeding) is correct. A vascular spasm occurs when circularly arranged smooth muscles in arteriole walls contract to reduce blood loss. Platelet plug formation starts when platelets making contact with collagen fibers from a damaged vessel.

Question 8

Serum is

 a. pulmonary interstitial fluid.  	
 b. the same as lymph.  	
 c. plasma without the clotting factors.  	 
 d. the same as plasma.

Answer 8

c. plasma without the clotting factors.
Yes, serum is plasma without its clotting factors. The clotting factors are of gel like consistency and form a clot in which fibrin is trapped.

Question 9

Which of the following antibodies would you find in the plasma of a person with type O blood?
Choose one answer.
a. anti-B
b. No antibodies to ABO blood group antigens
c. Not enough information to answer
d. anti-A and anti-B
e. anti-A

Answer 9

d. anti-A and anti-B

Please revise section 19.8 in your textbook!

Question 10

If type A blood is infused into a patient with type O blood, which of the following adverse reactions would you expect to observe in the patient?
Choose one answer.
a. Agglutination (clumping) of the transfused blood cells
b. Complement-induced haemolysis of the transfused blood cells
c. More than one of the answer selections is correct.
d. Released haemoglobin clogging the filtration membrane of the kidneys
e. No adverse reactions would occur

Answer 10

c. More than one of the answer selections is correct.

Yes, a),b) and c) are correct. Well done

Question 11

Name the different types of white blood cells

Answer 11

1) Neutrophils (most common)
2) Lymphocytes
3) Monocytes
4) Eosinophils
5) Basinophils

Question 12

What are the Physical Characteristics of Blood?

Answer 12

1) Consists of liquid connective tissue
2) Consists of cells such as RBC’s WBC’s & platelets surrounded by extracellular matrix known as blood plasma
3) Is bright or dark red in colour depending on whether it is saturated with oxygen or not
4) Denser and more vicious (thick) than water

Question 13

What are the functions of blood?

Answer 13

1) Transportation - to transport oxygen from the lungs to cells in the body
2) Regulation - circulating blood helps to maintain homeostasis of all body fluids
3) Protection - blood clotting can protect blood from excessive loss from the cardiovascular system after injury.

Question 14

Name the major components of blood

Answer 14

1) Blood Plasma (known as the extracellular matrix)

2) Cells and cell fragments (RBC’s WBC’s & Platelets)

Question 15

What does blood plasma consist of?

Answer 15

91. 5% water

8. 5% solutes, most of which (7% by weight) are proteins.

Question 16

Name the plasma proteins

Answer 16

1) Albium
2) Globulin
3) Fibrinogen